Baker Hughes Corporation

Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company

Baker Hughes Holdings LLC

Pingjun Guo

Darryl E Trcka

Steve Riley

Richard R Pemper

David M Chace

Joseph Gregory Barolak

Philip Lawrence Kurkoski

Gamal A Hassan

Thomas J Boone

Hezhu Yin

Richard J Smith

William Madigan

Mathilde M Luycx

Alberto X Mendoza

Padmakar Deo

Jinjuan Zhou

A method to interpret and quantify mineral compositions and concentrations, the method including: determining, with a computer, mineral composition models from a non-linear inversion of core or log elemental and mineral concentration data; and determining, with a computer, mineral concentrations for subsurface region from a linear inversion of core or geochemical log data from the subsurface region or analogous region and the mineral composition models.

Method of rock mineralogy interpretation

Method for evaluating cement integrity in a cased well environment using a logging tool that has a neutron source and one or more neutron or gamma ray detectors. Neutron porosity logs are obtained from the well before () and after () casing. This log data along with well dimensions and material composition parameters are the input quantities to a multi-parameter database () that is constructed by computer modeling or laboratory experiments to relate volume fraction for fluid filled channels in the cement sheath to the input quantities. The channel volume fraction () corresponding to the input quantities is identified or interpolated () from the multi-parameter database.

Method for cement evaluation with neutron logs

Well logging method and logging tool for measuring cement density and thickness at different azimuth angles for a cemented, cased well. The method uses a gamma source, a short-spaced detector, a long-spaced detector, and preferably a backscatter detector, where the detector-to-source spacings are designed for calculating () thickness and density of the cement annulus () from the detector count rates ().

Azimuthal cement density image measurements

Systems and methods which provide accurate formation information regardless of formation and borehole geometry, including those associated with high angle and horizontal wells, are shown. In providing processing of logging or image data, such as may be provided by a density tool or other tool, according to embodiments, formation attributes or features (e.g., density and dip angle) are estimated using raw data provided by a the tool. The foregoing estimations may thereafter be iteratively refined using effective volume of interest (EVOI) information. According to embodiments, depth boundaries of formation information provided by the tool are shifted as a function of azimuth for correct spatial positioning of formation features using EVOI information. Processing of formation attribute or feature data provided by embodiments may be used with respect to various tool configurations, including configurations with and without borehole standoff.

Volume of investigation based density image processing

A C/O ratio is determined using measurements of inelastically scattered gamma rays with a pulsed neutron source. Combined with look-up tables, the C/O measurement is used as an indicator of formation fluid influx into wellbore such as gas kick.

Method and apparatus for fluid influx detection while drilling

Resolution of thin beds made by a natural gamma ray logging tool is improved using a relation between the width of the response and the bed thickness. The peak gamma ray of the bed is determined using another relation between the measured gamma ray response and the bed thickness.

Method for determining shale bed boundaries and gamma ray activity with gamma ray instrument

Caliper measurements made during rotation of a bottomhole assembly are processed to estimate the location of the BHA, and size and shape of the borehole. A piecewise elliptical fitting procedure may be used. These estimates may be used to correct measurements made by a standoff-sensitive formation evaluation sensor such as a neutron porosity tool.

Formation evaluation using estimated borehole tool position

Elemental analysis of an earth formation (including Aluminum) is obtained using measurements from a gamma ray logging tool. The inelastic spectrum of Aluminum is determined from measurements made in a water tank. From the elemental analysis, an estimate of the mineralogy of the formation is made treating the problem as one of Linear Programming (maximizing an objective function subject to equality and/or inequality constraints.

Method and apparatus for determining aluminum concentration in earth formations

A pulsed neutron tool with three or more detectors is used for making measurements inside casing. The measurements may be used to determine gas saturation at a constant gas pressure, pressure at constant gas saturation, or to determine both gas saturation and gas pressure.

Determination of gas pressure and saturation simultaneously

Measurement of formation gas saturation in cased wellbores using pulsed neutron instrumentation

Measurement of formation gas pressure in cased wellbores using pulsed neutron instrumentation

Measurements made with porosity and density logging tools in a gas reservoir may differ due to invasion effects. The effects are particularly large on measurement-while-drilling applications where invasion is minimal. Using a Monte-Carlo method, a relationship is established between true formation porosity and porosity estimates from density and porosity tools. This relationship is used on real data to get an improved estimate of formation porosity and of gas saturation.

Method for determining formation porosity and gas saturation in a gas reservoir

A relative dip angle of a deviated borehole is determined from natural gamma ray measurements. Dip corrected measurements are processed to determine the thickness of thin beds, and the peak gamma ray response in thin beds.

Method and apparatus for shale bed detection in deviated and horizontal wellbores

Elemental analysis of an earth formation is obtained using measurements from a gamma ray logging tool. From the elemental analysis, an estimate of the mineralogy of the formation is made treating the problem as one of Linear Programming (maximizing an objective function subject to equality and/or inequality constraints).

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Pearland, TX, United States of America

Pingjun Guo