Apple Inc.

E Ink Corporation

E Ink Corporatior

Pierre-Yves Emelie

Kenneth R Crounse

Marc Albrecht

Karl Raymond Amundson

Sean C Chang

Wei Hsin Yao

Teck Ping Sim

Chih-Hsiang Ho

Tobias Jung

Duane M Petrovich

Yafei Bi

Shengkui Gao

Koorosh Aflatooni

Paolo Sacchetto

Warren S Rieutort-Louis

Myung-Je Cho

Yue Jack Chu

Graeme M Williams

Sinan Alousi

Hung Sheng Lin

Jean-Pierre Simon Guillou

Weijun Yao

Marc Joseph DeVincentis

Mingxia Gu

Mohammad Ali Jangda

Ana L Lattes

David S Zalatimo

Chengrui Le

Mohammad Hajirostam

Haifeng Li

Lingyu Hong

Zhao Wang

Manev Luthra

Jun Qi

Tsung-Ting Tsai

Chaohao Wang

Hyunwoo Nho

Chieh-Wei Chen

Sheng Zhang

Jun Li

Shyuan Yang

Yi Qiao

Yuval Ben-Dov

Yingying Tang

Yunhui Hou

Zhendong Hong

Maofeng Yang

Abdeslam Hafidi

Timothy J O'Malley

Xiang Fang

Anshi Liang

Kasra Omid-Zohoor

Kevin W Sliech

Aaron Chen

Chen Zheng

Soojin Park

Mohammad Tofighi

Bhadrinarayana L Visweswaran

Andrei E Toma

Adria Fores Herranz

Meng Cao

Jiulong Shan

Shuo Han

There are provided display controllers and driving methods related to those described in US Published Patent Application No. 2013/0194250. These include (a) a display controller having an update buffer, means for removing from the update buffer pixels not requiring updating, and means to ensure that pixels having certain special states are not removed from the update buffer; (b) a method of driving a bistable display wherein, in a pixel undergoing a white-to-white transition and lying adjacent another pixel undergoing a visible transition, there is applied to the pixel one or more balanced pulse pairs and at least one top-off pulse; (c) a method of driving a bistable display by overlaying a non-rectangular item over a pre-existing image content and then removing the item, where only pixels in the region of the item perform transitions (including self-transitions); and (d) a method of driving a bistable display in which a proportion of background pixels not undergoing an optical change are subjected to a refresh pulse to correct optical state drift.

Display controller for bistable electro-optic display

A system may include an electronic display panel having pixels, where each pixel may emit light based on a respective programming signal. The system may include a memory storing a map. The processing circuitry may determine a function for each pixel from the map. The processing circuitry may determine a respective control signal based on the function and a target brightness level for each pixel to generate multiple control signals, where the respective control signal is used to generate the respective programming signal for each pixel. The processing circuitry may determine a scaling factor based at least in part on the first map and may scale at least a subset of the multiple control signals based at least in part on the scaling factor.

Configurable pixel uniformity compensation for OLED display non-uniformity compensation based on scaling factors

A display may have a pixel array such as a liquid crystal pixel array. The pixel array may be illuminated by a backlight unit that includes an array of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The backlight unit may determine the type of content in the image data. The backlight unit may decide to prioritize either mitigating halo or mitigating clipping based on the type of content. The determination of the type of content in the image data may be used to determine the brightness values for the LEDs in the LED array. If the content is determined to be a first type of content, at least one given LED in the LED array may have a different brightness value than if the content is determined to be a second, different type of content. Classifying content in the image data may be useful in optimizing visible artifacts such as visible halo and clipping.

Using content type to select brightness in direct-lit backlight units

An electrophoretic display having a plurality of display pixels, each of the plurality of display pixels may include a pixel electrode for driving the display pixel, a single thin film transistor (TFT) coupled to the pixel electrode for transmitting waveforms to the pixel electrode, a front plane laminate (FPL) coupled to the single thin film transistor, and a storage capacitor coupled to the pixel electrode and placed in parallel with the FPL, where the storage capacitor is configured to be sufficiently ohmically conductive to allow the discharge of remnant voltages from the FPL through the storage capacitor.

Electro-optic displays with resistors for discharging remnant charges

A driving method is provided for an electric-optic display having a plurality of display pixels, the method including dividing the plurality of display pixels into multiple groups of pixels, applying at least one waveform structure to the multiple groups of pixels, the at least one waveform structure having a driving section for updating the multiple groups of pixels, and updating the multiple groups of pixels in a contiguous fashion such that only one group of display pixels completes the driving section at any given time.

Methods for driving electro-optic displays

A display device may include rows of pixels that display image data on a display and a circuit. The circuit may receive pixel data value of image data for a pixel in a first row of the rows of pixels, determine a weight factor to apply to the pixel data value based on a position of the first row with respect to the other rows, such that each row is associated with a current-resistance (IR) drop across the display. The weight factor is determined based on a respective IR drop associated with the first row. The circuit may also generate a weighted pixel data value based on the weight factor and the pixel data value and send the weighted pixel data value to a display driver circuit that renders the image data via the display.

Systems and methods for compensating for IR drop across a display

Partial update driving methods for bistable electro-optic displays and display controllers using the same

An electronic device may include an electronic display having multiple pixels to display an image based on processed image data. Each of the pixels may include multiple sub-pixels. The electronic device may also include image processing circuitry to receive input image data, in a first color space, having luminance values for each of the sub-pixels. The circuitry may also map the input image data from the first color space to a second color space and apply a multi-dimensional lookup table, based on the input image data in the second color space, to generate compensated image data. The lookup table may receive the luminance values for each of the sub-pixels and output corrected luminance values compensated for an expected amount of current leakage between the sub-pixels. The circuitry may also inversely map the compensated image data from the second color space to the first color space to generate the processed image data.

Pixel leakage and internal resistance compensation systems and methods

A display may have an active area that includes display pixels. The display may include an inactive notch region that extends into the active area. Data lines may provide image data from display driver circuitry to the display pixels. The image data may include data signals that correspond to portions of the display that do not include pixels, such as the inactive notch region. The null data signals may cause nonuniformities in the displayed image. The null data signals may be adjusted to minimize the nonuniformities. Null data signals corresponding to the inactive notch region may be adjusted to have gray levels that gradually decrease with distance from the border between the inactive notch and the active area. All of the data signals corresponding to the inactive notch may be set to a uniform gray level.

Data signal adjustment for displays

An electro-optic display having a plurality of display pixels, each of the plurality of display pixels comprising: a pixel electrode for driving the display pixel; a thin film transistor (TFT) coupled to the pixel electrode for transmitting waveforms to the pixel electrode; a resistor coupled to the pixel electrode for discharging remnant charges from the display subsequent to the TFT being de-activated; and a storage capacitor coupled to the pixel electrode and placed in parallel with the resistor. A time constant of a circuit comprising the pixel electrode, the resistor, and the storage capacitor is larger than a driving frame time of the electro-optic display.

Techniques for operating an electro-optic display to reduce the appearance of light edge artifacts in displayed images are described. A method for operating the electro-optic display includes detecting a null state transition of a first pixel when transitioning from a first image to a second image. The method further includes determining whether a threshold number of cardinal neighbors of the first pixel transition from a black state to a white state when transitioning from the first image to the second image. In response to a subsequent transition to a third image, the method further includes applying a voltage signal to the first pixel, wherein the voltage signal has a waveform configured to generate an optical black state for the first pixel.

Methods and apparatus for operating an electro-optic display in white mode

A display may have a pixel array such as a liquid crystal pixel array. The pixel array may be illuminated by a backlight unit that includes an array of light-emitting diodes. A backlight brightness selection circuit may select brightness values for the light-emitting diodes. The backlight brightness selection circuit may select the brightness values based on image data, based on brightness values used in previous image frames, based on device information, and/or based on sensor information. The backlight brightness selection circuit may select the backlight brightness levels to mitigate visible artifacts such as flickering and halo. The backlight levels selected by the backlight brightness selection may be modified by a power consumption compensation circuit. The power consumption compensation circuit may estimate the amount of power consumption required to operate the backlight using the target brightness levels and may modify the target brightness levels to meet maximum power consumption requirements.

Displays with adjustable direct-lit backlight units and adaptive processing

A thin film transistor (TFT) backplane comprising a plurality of electrodes. Each of the plurality of electrodes is coupled to circuitry comprising: a first thin film transistor (TFT) coupled to the electrode for transmitting waveforms to the electrode, and a second TFT coupled to the electrode for discharging remnant charges from the electrode, wherein the second TFT is activated subsequent to the first TFT being deactivated.

Electro-optic displays

A display device may include a processor that may receive image data, such that the image data may include gray level data and display brightness value (DBV) data for a first pixel of a display. The processor may then determine a gain compensation factor associated with the first pixel based on a correction spatial map, a brightness adaptation lookup table (LUT), the gray level data, and the DBV data. The processor may then determine an offset compensation factor associated with the first pixel based on the correction spatial map, the brightness adaptation lookup table (LUT), the gray level data, and the DBV data. The processor may generate compensated gray level data by applying the gain compensation factor and the offset compensation factor to the gray level data and transmit the compensated gray level data to pixel driving circuitry associated with the first pixel.

Applying gain and offset correction factors for pixel uniformity compensation in display panels

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Mountain View, CA, United States of America

Pierre-Yves Emelie