Amazon Technologies, Inc.

Phillip Peterson

Leonid Baryudin

Daniel Sladic

Christopher Nathan Watson

Truong Nguyen

Tyler Huston Doornenbal

Sujan Biswas

Wenzhou Chen

Christopher J Douglass

Max Jesse Wishman

An indirection mapping data structure can maintain a mapping between logical block addresses used by a host computer and physical data storage locations on a solid state drive. Changes to the indirection mapping data structure can be stored in journals. When a journal is full, the journal can be stored to a predetermined location on the cluster block determined based on the number of entries stored by the journal, leading to a number of journals scattered throughout the cluster block at predetermined locations. Each physical chunk of media, whether written with data or marked as defective is journaled. Such a journaling scheme, where the journal locations are predetermined and each physical chunk of media is journaled is referred to as physical media-aware spatially coupled journaling. During replay the spatially coupled journals can be retrieved from the predefined locations within cluster blocks and used to rebuild the indirection mapping data structure.

Physical media aware spacially coupled journaling and replay

An opportunistic storage service, or system, identifies currently unused storage capacity on a plurality of physical storage components of computing devices dispersed throughout a provider network. In some embodiments, the currently unused storage capacity is provisioned as primary storage, but is not currently being used to store primary storage data. The opportunistic storage service advertises at least a portion of the currently unused storage capacity as opportunistic storage capacity and provisions the opportunistic storage capacity subject to revocation if additional storage capacity of the physical storage components is needed to store primary storage data to fulfill a primary storage commitment.

Opportunistic storage service

In a solid state drive, a journal may be associated with a cluster block, such that the journal stores updates to an indirection mapping data structure for that cluster block. The journals may be stored on the cluster block. During garbage collection these spatially coupled journals can be retrieved and used to determine the data written to each media location within the cluster block. Logical and physical address information can be determined from the journal content, and used to compare against the current mapping in the indirection mapping data structure, to determine the validity of each media location. Since the journals are physical media aware, this comparison can occur without the consultation of a bad block tracking structure. When a physical media address is deemed to hold valid data it will be relocated as part of garbage collection processing.

Garbage collection in solid state drives

An indirection mapping data structure can maintain a mapping between logical block addresses used by a host computer and physical data storage locations on an SSD. The indirection mapping data structure can include a existence map as well as a user data map. Trim data may be received from a host computer or other entity and may be used to mark particular logical addresses that are not in use as trimmed. To ensure trim data persists even if the indirection mapping data structure is lost, the existence map may be regularly stored to disk. The existence map can be journaled in the same way as user data stored to disk. When the indirection mapping data structure is rebuilt, the spatially coupled journals can be retrieved from the predefined scattered locations and used to identify the stored trim data which can be used to rebuild the existence map.

Physical media aware spacially coupled journaling and trim

Aspects of dislocated charge storage for power loss protection in non-volatile memory systems are described. A system includes a power supply having an output power stage with bulk capacitance to supply power for a period of time after a power supply failure. The system also includes a network storage interface device and a non-volatile memory media card both coupled to the power supply for power. The power supply is configured to generate a power loss alert in response to the power supply failure. In turn, the network storage interface device is configured to perform a power loss data protection procedure with the non-volatile memory media card based on the power loss alert and during the period of time that the bulk capacitance can supply power after the power supply failure. The additional capacitance typically needed for power loss protection features is located apart from the non-volatile memory media cards.

Dislocated power loss protection charge storage

Spatially coupled journals include information for every portion of physical media, including defective, or 'bad', blocks. Because data cannot be stored to bad blocks, a bad block table is needed before a solid state drive (SSD) can be accessed. Using the information already stored in the journals, the bad block table can be rebuilt following a loss of power. To ensure the journals can be located, a small seed can be stored in off band storage. The seed can include information pointing to a boot catalog stored on the SSD. The boot catalog can be used to determine the locations of journals, which may vary from their predetermined locations depending on the bad blocks of the drive. By storing a small seed, rather than an entire bad block table, the size of external storage needed to maintain the bad block table is reduced.

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Phillip Peterson