Atochem

Ato Chimie

Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine

Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine (production)

Philippe Potin

Guy Pagniez

Roger De Jaeger

Nadine Passimourt

Michel Biensan

Jean-Paul Chambrette

Pierre Poisson

Daniel Morin

Jean-Claude Michel

Ghislaine D'Halluin

Jean-Marie Cotte

Roger DeJaeger

Marie-Claude Martini

Joel Bertrand

Jose L Orozco

Serge Bordere

The sodium fluoroalcoholates are prepared under conditions resulting in neither reactant nor final product degradation, by (a) reacting, under reflux, the corresponding fluoroalcohols, e.g., the mono-, di- or trifluoroethanols, with sodium methanolate in the presence of a solvent having a boiling point higher than that of methanol and/or a solvent which forms an azeotrope with methanol, and (b) selectively trapping the methanol of reaction, e.g., in a molecular sieve, as it is released into the vapors which evolve upon refluxing the step (a) reaction mixture; the sodium fluoroalcoholates thus produced are well suited for direct reaction with polydichlorophosphazenes.

Preparation of sodium fluoroalcoholates

The molecular weights of the poly(dichlorophosphazenes), and of the poly(organophosphazenes) produced therefrom, are controlledly regulated by heating such poly(dichlorophosphazenes) in the presence of an effective molecular weight-regulating amount of phosphorus oxychloride.

Poly(dichlorophosphazenes)/poly(organophosphazenes) having regulated

High molecular weight, essentially uncrosslinked polychlorophosphazenes are prepared by bulk polycondensing a monomer of the formula P.sub.2 NXCl.sub.2, in which X is an oxygen or sulfur atom, e.g., N-dichlorophosphoryl- or N-dichlorothiophosphoryl-P-trichlorophosphazene, and wherein at least that final stage of polycondensation following cessation of evolution of PXCl.sub.3 is carried out in a stirred reaction zone, such stirred reaction zone including means to prevent the accumulation of polycondensate on the stirrer.

Production of high molecular weight, essentially uncrosslinked

The polycondensation disrupting effects of the impurities in an impure N-dichlorophosphoryltrichlorophosphazene, P.sub.2 NOCl.sub.5, or oligomer thereof, are avoided by polycondensing such impure P.sub.2 NOCl.sub.5 into a high molecular weight uncrosslinked poly(dichlorophosphazene) in the presence of an effective impurity-inhibiting, polymerization-controlling amount of phosphorous pentachloride, PCl.sub.5.

Polycondensation of impure P.sub.2 NOCl.sub.5 into uncrosslinked

Impure solutions or suspensions of the polyphosphazenes, e.g., those containing the reagents and/or byproducts of the chloro-substitution of a polydichlorophosphazene, are purified by contacting such impure solutions/suspension with a semipermeable membrane having a cutoff threshold corresponding to the impurities sought to be removed, and filtering such impurities therethrough, e.g., by establishing a trans-membrane pressure gradient.

Membrane purification of solutions/suspensions of polyphosphazenes

Essentially pure and colorless N-(dichlorophosphoryl)trichlorophosphazene [P.sub.2 NOCl.sub.5 ] is prepared/purified under relatively moderate conditions, by reacting phosphorous pentachloride with ammonium chloride, treating the resulting medium of reaction, containing P.sub.3 NCl.sub.12, with SO.sub.2, and thin film evaporating the medium of reaction, advantageously in two stages, to eliminate SO.sub.2, POCl.sub.3 and SOCl.sub.2 values therefrom.

Essentially pure/colorless P.sub.2 NOCl.sub.5

Crude polyorganophosphazenes, produced by the nucleophilic cosubstitution of polydichlorophosphazenes and contained in a reaction medium which includes such polyorganophosphazenes, reaction solvent for the cosubstitution reaction, excess nucleophilic reagent and/or product of neutralization thereof, and, when present, any alkali metal salts of neutralization, are efficiently and facilely purified, in a single treatment zone, advantageously under agitation in a discontinuous malaxator, by both eliminating the reaction solvent and thereafter washing the resulting reaction medium with a liquid which is a nonsolvent for the polyorganophosphazenes, but miscible with the other products present in said reaction medium.

Purification of crude polyorganophosphazenes

Linear polychlorophosphazenes are more rapidly produced by polycondensing N-(dichlorophosphoryl)trichlorophosphazene [P.sub.2 NOCl.sub.5 ] in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of the bis(dichlorophosphoryl)imide of the formula: ##STR1##

Preparation of linear polychlorophosphazenes

N-(Dichlorophosphoryl)trichlorophosphazene [P.sub.2 NOCl.sub.2 ], essentially devoid of oligomeric impurities, is improvedly and reproducibly prepared by reacting phosphorus pentachloride with ammonium chloride, advantageously stoichiometrically, wherein more than 50% by weight of the ammonium chloride is of a particle size less than 0.16 mm.

Preparation of N-(dichlorophosphoryl)trichlorophosphazene

Polychlorophosphazene [Cl.sub.2 (O)P[NPCl.sub.2 ].sub.n Cl] is more rapidly produced by polycondensing N-(dichlorophosphoryl)-trichlorophosphazene [P.sub.2 NOCl.sub.5 ] in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a tertiary amine.

Preparation of polychlorophosphazene

Compositions for the hydration of keratinic substances constituted by amino acid sulfoxides. A particular product is methionine sulfoxide. Important application in cosmetology where these products are incorporated in aqueous and organic solutions and oily or other emulsions. These products play a hydrating role in skin application and act as a softening agent on the hair.

Compositions for the hydration of keratinic substances substituted by

A fire-resistant polycarbonate composition comprising a polycarbonate and for each one thousand parts by weight thereof from about 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a salt of the formula: ##STR1## in which R is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl radical or an aryl radical, unsubstituted or substituted aryl radical and M is an alkali metal selected from Li, Na, or K.

Fire-resistant polycarbonates

Process for the preparation of linear polychlorophosphazene

A process and composition for coloring substances and tissues containing keratin, by means of an agent or co-reactant having a ketone or aldehyde function. An amino-acid, in particular a thio-amino-acid, is contacted with the substance to be colored. The composition can be in the form of a solution or a suspension containing the amino-acid, applicable separately from or together with the co-reactant of known type based on a ketone or aldehyde. The invention is useful in cosmetics, for tanning the skin or coloring the hair or nails. It is also applicable to the coloration of various articles, in particular hair in general, feathers, horn, shell etc.

Process and composition for the coloration of keratin-containing

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of lactames according to the so-called 'Beckmann rearrangement' which consists in isomerizing oximes in a sulfuric solution, the weight ratio percentage of sulfuric acid to the combined amount of sulfuric acid and water being raised to a value above that of the sulfuric solution feed.

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Billere, France

Philippe Potin