Johns Hopkins University

Duke University

Sysmex Corporation

Philipp Angenendt

Bert Vogelstein

Kenneth W Kinzler

Nickolas Papadopoulos

Darell D Bigner

Victor E Velculescu

Hai Yan

Gregory J Riggins

Chien-Tsun Kuan

Sian Jones

D Williams Parsons

Rebecca J Leary

Jimmy Cheng-Ho Lin

Xiaosong Zhang

Giovanni Parmigiani

Rachel Karchin

Frank Diehl

Darell Bigner

Victor Velculescu

Williams Parsons

Kenneth Kinzler

We found mutations of the R132 residue of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) in the majority of grade II and III astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas as well as in glioblastomas that develop from these lower grade lesions. Those tumors without mutations in IDH1 often had mutations at the analogous R172 residue of the closely related IDH2 gene. These findings have important implications for the pathogenesis and diagnosis of malignant gliomas.

Genetic alterations in isocitrate dehydrogenase and other genes in malignant glioma

We found mutations of the R132 residue of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) in the majority of grade II and III astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas as well as in gliblastomas that develop from these lower grade lesions. Those tumors without mutations in IDH1 often had mutations at the analogous R172 residue of the closely related IDH2 gene. These findings have important implications for the pathogenesis and diagnosis of malignant gliomas.

Methods for efficient and high throughput emulsion-based nucleic amplification are provided. In some aspects, emulsion mixtures are provided that require extremely low input energy (e.g., the energy generated by pipetting) to form emulsions that are effective for nucleic acid amplification. Efficient formulations for breaking emulsions are likewise provided.

Emulsion systems and emulsion-based amplification of nucleic acid

Growing community of inventors

Baltimore, MD, United States of America

Philipp Angenendt