General Electric Company

The B. F. Goodrich Company

Philip L Kinson

William S Greenlee

Murali Rajagopalan

Sally A Kline

Charles A Daniels

Edward M Faber

Clayton B Quinn

Changkiu K Riew

David F Aycock

Alan R Siebert

Charles M Orlando

Glenn D Cooper, Deceased

Frrederick J McGarry

Blend compositions and process are provided comprising admixing of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride, each having specified inherent viscosity wherein the difference in the inherent viscosity of the polyvinyl chloride of the blend, measured in similar accordance with ASTM-D1243 is at least 0.2 units higher than the precursor polyvinyl chloride for the chlorinated polyvinyl chloride of the blend. Preferably the I.V. of the polyvinyl halide is from 0.2 to 1.0 units higher with the most preferred difference in I.V. (.DELTA.I.V.) being 0.35 to 0.65 units so as to yield a balance of property improvements including tensile strength, impact resistance, heat distortion temperature and weatherability. The compositions also can further comprise a Tg enhancing agents which otherwise embrittle conventional PVC compounds. The blends of the present invention are processible by a variety of techniques including injection molding, extrusion, calendering, thermoforming, compression molding and the like to form useful articles such as molded sheets, trays, shrouds as for fans, appliance parts and covers, electrical outlets, business machine housings, piping telecommunication equipment, automotive components, and numerous others.

Chlorinated PVC blends

Blend compositions are provided comprising first polyvinyl chloride and a second polyvinyl chloride wherein the inherent viscosity (I.V.) of the second polyvinyl chloride, measured in accordance with ASTM1243 is at least about 0.2 units higher than the I.V. of the first polyvinyl chloride. Preferably the I.V. of the second polyvinyl chloride is from 0.2 to 1.0 units higher than the I.V. of said first polyvinyl chloride, with the most preferred difference in I.V. (.DELTA.I.V.) being 0.35 to 0.65 units so as to yield a balance of property improvements including impact resistance, heat distortion temperature, melt flow and melt viscosity. The higher I.V. PVC is present at from 0.1 to less than 20 weight percent of the total PVC content. The compositions also can further comprise melt flow enhancers and/or Tg enhancing agents. The blends of the present invention are processible by a variety of techniques including molding, extrusion, calendering, thermoforming, compression molding and the like to form useful articles such as molded sheets, trays, shrouds as for fans, appliance parts and covers, electrical outlets, business machine housings, piping, telecommunication equipment, automotive components, and numerous others.

Polyvinyl chloride blends

Blend compositions are provided comprising first polyvinyl chloride and a second polyvinyl chloride wherein the inherent viscosity (I.V.) of the second polyvinyl chloride, measured in accordance with ASTM1243 is at least about 0.2 units higher than the I.V. of the first polyvinyl chloride. Preferably the I.V. of the second polyvinyl chloride is from 0.2 to 1.0 units higher than the I.V. of said first polyvinyl chloride, with the most preferred difference in I.V. (.DELTA.I.V.) being 0.35 to 0.65 units so as to yield a balance of property improvements including impact resistance, heat distortion temperature, melt flow and melt viscosity. The compositions also can further comprise melt flow enhancers and/or Tg enhancing agents. The blends of the present invention are processible by a variety of techniques including injection molding, extrusion, calendering, thermoforming, compression molding and the like to form useful articles such as molded sheets, trays, shrouds as for fans, appliance parts and covers, electrical outlets, business machine housings, telecommunication equipment, automotive components, and numerous others.

Fiber reinforced composites are comprised of a vinyl resin composition and fibrous reinforcement material which is coated with a uniformly thin and continuous elastomeric coating. The coating is prepared from an aqueous dispersion containing a reactive liquid polymer composition, an epoxy resin and a curing agent.

Composites of vinyl resins and elastomer-coated fibers

A high temperature PVC resin blend is made by blending from 60 to 85 parts PVC with no more than 40 parts of a ('alpha-SAN') copolymer of alpha-methyl styrene ('AMS'), styrene ('S') and acrylonitrile ('AN'), and less than 20 parts by wt additives including stabilizers, antioxidants, lubricants, and processing aids. In addition, an impact modifier may be added. The blend with particularly sized glass fibers, may be thermoformed at an elevated processing temperature and pressure, to provide a reinforced composite in which the PVC is covalently bonded to the glass fiber. The composite has a substantially higher HDT and equivalent tensile strength, compared to that of a similarly reinforced, unblended PVC composite, without sacrificing the novel composite's other desirable physical properties. The glass is sized with an aminosilane coupling agent, and, a polymer film former selected from the group consisting of (i) a polymer with a nitrogen-containing repeating unit such as an amine, amide, ureido, or urethane group, and (ii) a dispersible or emulsifiable epoxide polymer, which composite, upon extraction with THF, and a subsequent XPS examination, yields a C1(2p)/C(1s) ratio of at least 0.91, and more preferably of at least 1.13. Glass fibers, thus sized, provide cohesive bonding of the resin, so the composite fails in cohesive failure. A unique sequence of mixing the bland ingredients with glass fiber provides optimum properties in the composite. The sequence requires formation of a single phase of PVC and alpha-SAN copolymer before dispersing the glass fibers in the blend.

Glass fiber reinforced poly(vinyl chloride) blend with improved heat

A high temperature PVC resin blend is made by blending from 60 to 85 parts PVC with no more than 40 parts of a ('alpha-SAN') copolymer of alpha-methyl styrene ('AMS'), styrene ('S') and acrylonitrile ('AN') and less than 20 parts by wt additives including stabilizers, antioxidants, lubricants, and processing aids. In addition, an impact modifier may be added. The blend with particularly sized glass fibers, may be thermoformed at an elevated processing temperature and pressure, to provide a reinforced composite in which the PVC is covalently bonded to the glass fiber. The composite has a substantially higher HDT and equivalent tensile strength, compared to that of a similarly reinforced, unblended PVC composite, without sacrificing the novel composite's other desirable physical properties. The glass is sized with an aminosilane coupling agent, and, a polymer film former selected from the group consisting of (i) a polymer with a nitrogen-containing repeating unit such as an amine, amide, ureido, or urethane group, and (ii) a dispersible or emulsifiable epoxide polymer, which composite, upon extraction with THF, and a subsequent XPS examination, yields a Cl(2p)/C(1s) ratio of at least 0.91, and more preferably of at least 1.13. Glass fibers, thus sized, provide cohesive bonding of the resin, so the composite fails in cohesive failure. A unique sequence of mixing the blend ingredients with glass fiber provides optimum properties in the composite. The sequence requires formation of a single phase of PVC and alpha-SAN copolymer before dispersing the glass fibers in the blend.

New forms of polyphenylene ether resin have been discovered that are characterized by two distinct molecular weight distributions as determined by gel permeation chromatography. Two maxima are exhibited, one of which corresponds to a polystyrene equivalent molecular weight greater than 30,000, the other of which is less than 30,000. The polymers, which may be termed 'bimodal', have improved melt flow in comparison with conventional (unimodal) polyphenylene ether resins.

Polyphenylene ether resins having bimodal molecular weight distributions

A process for the preparation of a graft product of polyphenylene ether and diene rubber from a starting mixture of the two polymers is described. The process can be extended by further polymerizing an alkenyl aromatic compound such as styrene in the presence of the graft product to form a novel terpolymer. The polymers which result from the process are useful as impact resistant modifiers for various engineering thermoplastics, including polyphenylene ether resins.

Preparation of graft copolymers of polyphenylene ether and rubber,

Polyphenylene ether resins and compositions of such resins in admixture with certain specific phosphite thermal oxidative stabilizers are described. These blends can be used with or without impact modifiers. As an additional benefit, the resins and compositions possess good melt flow properties which facilitates processing during molding.

Polyphenylene ether resins and compositions heat stabilized with

This invention is concerned with a new class of halobisphenolethylene polycarbonate-polyester blends. More particularly, the invention is concerned with halobisphenolethylene polycarbonate-polyester blends which exhibit enhanced physical and/or chemical properties. The halobisphenolethylene polycarbonate-polyester blends are suitable for the manufacture of filaments, fibers, films, sheets, laminates and articles of manufacture including reinforced articles by conventional manufacturing techniques.

Novel halobisphenolethylene polycarbonate-polyester blends

A method is provided for making substantially pure 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylene by dehydrochlorinating 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane with a methanol solution of potassium hydroxide, followed by purifying the crude reaction product with a mixture of a hot aromatic solvent and a polar solvent, such as methanol.

Method for purifying a dehydrochlorination mixture

A method is provided for dehydrochlorinating 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane to produce substantially pure 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylene, based on the employment of a dipolar aprotic solvent and a basic alkali metal compound, such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, etc. Crystallization of the 1,1-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2-dichloroethylene from the dehydrochlorination reaction mixture can provide monomer useful for making high impact, flame retardant thermoplastic polycarbonates.

Dehydrochlorination method

Brominated biphenols are produced by a bromination process which comprises reacting bromine with a 3,3', 5,5'-tetrasubstituted diphenoquinone at a temperature below about +20.degree. C. in the presence of an inert diluent, evolving hydrogen bromide gas at a temperature of about +20.degree. C. or lower, heating the resulting reaction mixture at elevated temperatures to complete the bromination reaction and recovering the desired 2,2',6,6'-tetrabromo-3,3',5,5'-tetrasubstituted-4,4'-biphenol. The biphenol products of the process can be used as antioxidants, as monomeric starting materials for polymeric halogenated organic compounds which are fire retardant as well as monomeric flame retardant additives for polymeric compositions useful in molding, coating and insulating various articles of manufacture.

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Brecksville, OH, United States of America

Philip L Kinson