Senseg Ltd.

Senseg Oy

Other

Licentia, Ltd.

Sensey Oy

Petro Suvanto

Jukka Linjama

Ville Makinen

Mart Saarma

Hannu Sariola

Carlos F Ibanez

Maria Lindahl

Ville Mäkinen

Miles Trupp

Urmas Arumae

Kirsi Sainio

Urmas Arum&auml;e

An apparatus for producing an electrosensory sensation to a body member (). The apparatus comprises one or more conducting electrodes (), each of which is provided with an insulator (). When the body member () is proximate to the conducting electrode, the insulator prevents flow of direct current from the conducting electrode to the body member. A capacitive coupling over the insulator () is formed between the conducting electrode () and the body member (). The conducting electrodes are driven by an electrical input which comprises a low-frequency component () in a frequency range between 10 Hz and 500 Hz. The capacitive coupling and electrical input are dimensioned to produce an electrosensory sensation. The apparatus is capable of producing the electrosensory sensation independently of any mechanical vibration of the one or more conducting electrodes () or insulators ().

Method and apparatus for sensory stimulation

An interface apparatus (A) comprises a surface () touchable by a finger (). The surface has a touch-sensitive area with a predetermined position (), to which a function is assigned. The finger's presence at the predetermined position () is detected. An electrosensory stimulus is generated to the finger by applying an alternating electrical drive to one or more electrodes (). Each electrode is provided with an insulator, which prevents DC flow from the electrode to the finger and a capacitive coupling over the insulator is formed between the electrode () and the finger (). The capacitive coupling and electrical drive are dimensioned to produce an electrosensory sensation, independently of mechanical vibration of the electrode. The electrosensory stimulus is varied temporally based on the detected presence or absence of the of the finger () near the at least one touch-sensitive area having the predetermined position ().

Interface apparatus for touch input and tactile output communication

Receptors for Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF), their cellular expression, isolation, biochemical characterization, and sequences are disclosed. c-RET is disclosed as one receptor for GDNF; additional novel receptors are also disclosed. The preparation of monoclonal antibodies directed against GDNF is also disclosed.

Assays using glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptors

The effect of GDNF on kidney morphogenesis is disclosed. Methods for stimulating budding and branching of the ureteric epithelium, for stimulating axonal outgrowth, for maintaining ureteric epithelial cells in culture, for preventing apoptosis of ureteric epithelial cells, and for treating diseases using GDNF are also disclosed.

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor regulation of ureteric

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Vantaa, Finland

Petro Suvanto