Uop Lcc

Universal Oil Products Company

Allied Corporation

Peter Urban

David H Carlson

Russell W Johnson

Lee Hilfman

Mark J O'Hara

William K Tolley

Dusan J Engel

John C Stauter

Frank Stolfa

Edward A Ginger

Liquefaction of lignin by hydrogenolysis in the presence of a catalytic composition of metal sulfides which are prepared in situ and in the presence of a lower aliphatic alcohol affords substantially increased yields of monophenols. When methanol is used in the presence of a catalyst which is a mixture of the sulfides of divalent iron, copper, and tin the total monophenols can be as high as 65% with the total cresols being about 45%. Phenol, which is used as a liquefying solvent, can itself be formed in good yield when lignin tar is used as the liquefying solvent. This affords the opportunity of conducting the liquefaction in a continuous fashion using two stages of reaction.

Process for liquefaction of lignin

An antifouling compound comprising a phthalocyanine compound is disclosed for use in high temperature coke producing petroleum reactions wherein said coke is unwanted and acts as a fouling agent in the associated reaction apparatus.

Antifouling agents for prevention of unwanted coke formation in reactors

Leaching of cadmium and lead from solid residues obtained in the incineration of refuse may be reduced to environmentally acceptable levels by the addition of calcium sulfide to such residues. A particularly convenient method involves the addition of dry lime and an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt supplying sulfide, especially an alkali metal sulfide, in equimolar quantities.

Immobilization of lead and cadmium in fly ash

A process for absorbing sulfur dioxide from a gas stream comprising contacting said gas stream with a slurry of pretreated shale in an aqueous medium wherein the shale acts catalytically to convert the sulfite radical to the sulfate radical.

Sulfur dioxide removal from gas streams

A coal liquefaction process comprising reacting coal with a hydrocarbonaceous solvent at coal liquefaction conditions in the presence of an oil shale residue catalyst comprising organic and inorganic fractions. The oil shale residue catalyst is derived by heating an oil shale in the presence of an inert gas with respect to the oil shale at a temperature of 500.degree.-825.degree. F.

Coal liquefaction process

A gas treating process is disclosed. Hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide are removed from a hydrocarbon vapor stream by absorption into an aqueous carbonate solution. Hydrogen sulfide picked up by the circulating carbonate solution is oxidized to produce liquid sulfur, which is withdrawn. The carbonate solution is then stripped to release carbon dioxide and produce the lean carbonate solution used for absorption. By-product thiosulfate formed in the oxidation step is eliminated by reaction with hydrogen sulfide. Metal phthalocyanines are used as the catalyst for the elimination of thiosulfate and for the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide.

Process for removal of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from gas

A process is disclosed for oxidizing difficultly oxidizable mercaptans contained in a hydrocarbon fraction which comprises adding a hydrocarbon soluble alkali metal compound, capable of forming the alkali metal mercaptides of the difficultly oxidized mercaptans, to the hydrocarbon fraction; and contacting the resulting hydrocarbon fraction containing the hydrocarbon soluble alkali metal compound with a metal chelate catalyst disposed on an adsorptive support in the presence of a hydrated oxygen-containing gas and in the absence of a separate water phase.

Oxidation of difficultly oxidizable mercaptans

A process for the recovery of hydrocarbonaceous oil from oil shale is disclosed. The process comprises: (a) heating the shale in the presence of a gas comprising hydrogen sulfide at subcritical conditions of said gas including a temperature from about 650.degree. F. to about 825.degree. F. to produce a solvent extractable material and to liberate at least a first portion of the hydrocarbon contained therein; and (b) contacting the resulting solvent extractable material with a normally-liquid solvent at subcritical, reflux conditions of said solvent to liberate at least a second portion of the hydrocarbon contained in the solvent extractable material.

Process for the recovery of hydrocarbons from oil shale

A process for the recovery of hydrocarbonaceous oil from oil shale is disclosed. The process comprises: (a) heating the shale in the presence of a non-combustion supporting, non oil-miscible gas at subcritical conditions of said gas and at a temperature from about 650.degree. F. to about 825.degree. F. to produce a solvent extractable material and to liberate at least a first portion of the hydrocarbon contained therein; and (b) contacting the resulting solvent extractable material with a normally-liquid solvent at subcritical, reflux conditions of said solvent to liberate at least a second portion of the hydrocarbon contained in said solvent extractable material.

Process for recovery of hydrocarbons from oil shale

An improved process for the treatment and liquefaction of calcium-containing subbituminous coal and coals of lower rank to form water soluble compounds of calcium, thereby suppressing the formation of scale, made up largely of calcium carbonate which normally forms within the coal liquefaction zone, e.g. on reactor surfaces, lines, auxiliary equipment and the like. An oxide of sulfur is contacted with a coal feed sufficient to impregnate the pores of the coal. The impregnated coal is then contacted with hydrogen sulfide to produce water soluble thiosulfate. After the treated coal is liquefied in a coal liquefaction zone, the effluent is water washed to remove the water soluble thiosulfate.

Liquefaction of calcium-containing coals

A process for liquefying a calcium-containing coal which comprises contacting calcium-containing coal with an aqueous sulfur oxide solution. The resulting admixture is contacted with hydrogen sulfide to produce water soluble thiosulfate. After the treated coal is separated from the resulting aqueous phase, the coal is charged to a coal liquefaction zone.

A method for the removal of carbon or carbon compounds from a waste stream generated in an unsupported slurry catalyst process utilized for the hydroconversion of heavy hydrocarbonaceous black oil which stream comprises vanadium sulfide, nickel sulfide and carbon or carbon compounds is disclosed. The carbon or carbon compound is removed by contacting the waste stream with sulfur dioxide at oxidizing conditions to yield a solid residue which contains metal sulfides.

Method for the removal of carbon or carbon compounds from a waste stream

A process for removing hydrogen sulfide from geothermal steam comprising adding free oxygen to the steam and contacting the steam with an oxidation catalyst at a pressure of at least 30 psig and a temperature not greater than the saturation temperature of the steam. The catalyst may comprise activated carbon, a refractory inorganic oxide or a metal phthalocyanine and is wetted with an aqueous solution of thiosulfates, sulfates or polysulfides. The hydrogen sulfide is converted and steam of reduced hydrogen sulfide content is obtained.

Removal of hydrogen sulfide from geothermal steam

An improved process for removing, by absorption, sulfur dioxide from a gaseous mixture such as a flue gas by scrubbing said mixture with an aqueous scrubbing liquor to which a solution of an alkaline reagent such as sodium carbonate is added to maintain alkalinity of the scrubbing liquor. The solution also has dissolved in it a quantity of silica which tends to precipitate when the solution is added to the scrubbing liquor. The silica precipitated in this manner tends to form extremely hard solid deposits in the scrubbing device and associated equipment. The improvement to the process comprises the cyclic, intermittent, batchwise and rapid addition of the alkaline reagent solution to the scrubbing liquor, the addition beginning upon the scrubbing liquor pH reaching a certain minimum value and ending upon the scrubbing liquor reaching a certain maximum value.

Flue gas treatment with intermittent addition of alkaline reagent to

An improved process for removing, by absorption, sulfur dioxide from a gaseous mixture such as a flue gas by scrubbing said mixture with an aqueous scrubbing liquor to which a solution of an alkaline reagent such as sodium carbonate is added to maintain alkalinity of the scrubbing liquor. The solution also has dissolved in it a quantity of silica which tends to precipitate when the solution is added to the scrubbing liquor. The silica precipitated in this manner tends to form extremely hard solid deposits in the scrubbing device and associated equipment. If a water soluble salt such as ferrous or ferric sulfate is added to the alkaline reagent solution prior to its use in the process, the precipitate formed has a minimum deleterious effect. The improvement to the process comprises the lowering of the pH of the alkaline reagent solution prior to the addition of the salt, thereby minimizing the amount of salt required.

Growing community of inventors

Northbrook, IL, United States of America

Peter Urban