Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.p.

Indigo N.v.

Peter Forgacs

Benzion Landa

Ziv Gilan

Dror Kella

Michel Assenheimer

Yehuda Niv

Doron Schlumm

Sasi Moalem

Michael Plotkin

Shaul Haim Raz

Naseem Yacoub

Ehud Chatow

A detecting apparatus is to at least assist in determining the concentration of colorants within a carrier liquid. The colorants at least absorb light and/or diverge light. The detecting apparatus includes one or more light sources to emit light, and one or more light detectors to detect light. The light sources and the light detectors are positionally configured in relation to one another such that both light directly emitted by the light sources and that has not been absorbed or diverged by the colorants, as well as light diverged by the colorants within the carrier liquid, are detected and/or determined. The concentration of colorants is determined based on the light directly emitted by the light sources that has not been absorbed or diverged by the colorants and/or on the light diverged by the colorants within the carrier liquid.

Detecting colorants within carrier liquid

A method for calibrating the BID current in an electrophotographic printer includes the steps of measuring electrode capacitance of an empty BID unit, installing the BID unit in an electrophotographic printer, comparing the measured capacitance with a calibration curve to determine the proper current for the BID unit, and adjusting the operating current of the BID unit according to the calibration curve.

Method for calibrating BID current in electro-photographic printer

Characteristics of a fluid are determined, in one embodiment, by flowing the fluid (which may contain charged particles) between a plurality of electrode pairs, applying respective DC voltages across at least two of the electrode pairs, and measuring resulting currents through the fluid at the respective electrode pairs. In one example, respective plates of the electrode pairs are configured so that they do not fully encircle one another.

Determining fluid characteristics

A method of transferring an image on a surface to a substrate comprising: a) heating the surface to a first temperature above a temperature at which the image adheres to the substrate; b) heating the substrate to a second temperature above ambient temperature and below the first temperature; c) pressing the substrate to the surface; d) cooling the image while it is in contact with both the surface and the substrate such that it cools during said contact to a third temperature, below a temperature at which its cohesion is greater than its adhesion to the surface; and e) then separating the substrate from the surface, said image being transferred to the substrate.

Printers and copiers with pre-transfer substrate heating

Method and an apparatus for detecting concentrations of first and second

Concentration detector for colored toner

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Jerusalem, Israel

Peter Forgacs