Hitachi Zosen Corporation

Lockheed Martin Energy, LLC

Peter F Hays

Brian Phillips

Steven Raymond Walther

Gerald M Friedman

Michael Lawrence Bufano

Anne Testoni

William Frederick Thomson

P Michael Fletcher

Arthur Wayne Sommerstein

Stephen Whittaker Into

Adam Morris-Cohen

Kean L Duffey

Sophia Lee

The invention concerns methods of determining the state of charge of a half-cell within a redox flow battery, the method comprising: (i) measuring the rate of change in equilibrium half-cell reduction potential of the electrolyte as charge is passed into the electrolyte solution within the cell; and (ii) correlating said rate of change in equilibrium half-cell reduction potential with the state of charge of said half-cell. Other aspects of the invention concern balancing the state of charge of a flow battery and methods of calibrating an oxidation/reduction probe.

Methods for determining state of charge and calibrating reference electrodes in a redox flow battery

Improved electron beam sterilization apparatus and shielding techniques for use in are provided. A controller modulates an electron beam when sterilizing an interior to an object to ensure that adequate dose is received. Sterilization carousels are configured with input/discharge feeds to reduce the possibility of humans being exposed to dangerous levels of radiation. The system reduces the amount of shielding required to thereby lower cost of installation.

Electron beam sterilization apparatus

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Medford, MA, United States of America

Peter F Hays