Thermo Electron Corporation

Newton Scientific, Inc.

Inpho Gmbh

Other

X-ray Optical Systems Incorporated

Peter E Oettinger

Ruth E Shefer

Robert E Klinkowstein

John J Fronduto

Chunghsin Lee

Chung Hoon Lee

Francis Michael Feda

Timothy D Howard

Walter J Bornhorst

Frank M Feda

Described is a self-contained, small, lightweight, power-efficient and radiation-shielded module that includes a miniature vacuum X-ray tube emitting X-rays of a controlled intensity and defined spectrum. Feedback control circuits are used to monitor and maintain the beam current and voltage. The X-ray tube, high-voltage power supply, and the resonant converter are encapsulated in a solid high-voltage insulating material. The module can be configured into complex geometries and can be powered by commercially available small, compact, low-voltage batteries.

Integrated X-ray source module

A new method and apparatus for providing a stable, temporally controllable high current density electron beam from a photocathode has been developed. A low level of cesium and, possibly a stabilizing gas, is supplied to the photoemitting surface while the electron beam is being generated, thereby replenishing cesium and possibly other ions lost from the emitting surface on a continual basis.

Stably emitting demountable photoelectron generator

An improved laser-based method of depositing a metal on an electrically insulated metallic substrate is disclosed. Selected areas of the insulated plate such as an anodized aluminum plate are irradiated with laser energy to fracture the anodized layer and expose underlying aluminum. The plate is immersed in a solution containing copper ions and negatively biased so that a thin layer of copper is electrolytically deposited in the selected areas to form copper features. The method is particularly suited to the rapid production of high quality, durable photographic printing plates with long shelf life.

Electrolytic deposition of metals on laser-conditioned surfaces

An electron beam generator particularly adapted for direct-write semiconductor lithography applications is disclosed which includes a photoemissive cathode, a modulable laser for illuminating the photoemissive cathode, and light optics to create an optical pattern on the cathode. The photoemissive cathode is composed of a light transmissive substrate onto which is deposited an optically semitransparent, electrically conductive film. This film in turn is coated with a thin layer of a photoemissive substance such as cesium antimonide so that the photoemissive cathode emits an intense and substantially monochromatic beam of electrons upon laser light illumination. The emitted electron beam is configured in accordance with the optical pattern created on the cathode, and in passing through successive electron optical devices is further shaped and sized for use, for example, in lithographically generating very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits on semiconductors.

Laser stimulated high current density photoelectron generator and method

A thermally pumped laser. The laser features an emitter, a collector spaced apart from the emitter, and reflecting elements adjacent to the space between the emitter and collector to form a cavity. A heat source is provided for heating the emitter to drive electrons from the emitter to the collector. Vapor such as cesium vapor is disposed in the cavity between the emitter and the collector to form the lasing medium. An additive selected to be in resonance with specific excited states of the atoms may be intermixed with the chosen vapor. The additive assists in depopulating the specific states of the atoms, thereby creating or enhancing a population inversion in the atoms of the vapor so that lasing may occur. The laser may be operated both in a pulsed and in a d.c. mode.

Thermionic laser

Apparatus is disclosed for generating high density pulses of electrons thermionically. The apparatus includes a metallic target maintained within a low pressure cesium vapor atmosphere. A laser rapidly heats the cesiated target surface to a high temperature in a time short compared with the residence time of cesium atoms adsorbed on the target surface. This rapid surface heating in combination with the adsorbed cesium atoms emits copious quantities of electrons forming a high current density pulse.

Laser generated high electron density source

An optical device for use with laser systems comprising a crystal having a liquid coating. The material comprising the liquid coating is characterized by an index of refraction which is closer to at least one principal index of refraction of the crystal than the index of refraction of the medium exterior to the crystal is to any principal index of refraction of the crystal.

Optical device with liquid coating

This invention discloses a means for protecting the toe of a tennis shoe, and comprises a flexible cup-shaped molded elastomer whose inner and outer surfaces are substantially convex, coaxial surfaces of revolution, and which is attached to the toe of a flexible tennis shoe by an elastic adhesive. The elastomer cup and elastic adhesive are both characterized by flexibility substantially similar to that of the shoe. Some embodiments of the invention include a recessed cross-lined pattern on the inner surface of the cup to promote adhesion to the shoe.

Growing community of inventors

Acton, MA, United States of America

Peter E Oettinger