E Ink Corporation

Crane Company

Peter Carsten Bailey Widger

Richard J Paolini, Jr

Stephen J Telfer

Jay William Anseth

Craig Alan Breen

Ana L Lattes

Stephen Bull

Mark Benjamin Romanowsky

Jillian Smith

Craig A Herb

Kosta Ladavac

Lee Yezek

George G Harris

Dan John Lauber

David Darrell Miller

Sunil Krishna Sainis

Joshua Ritchey

Shyamala A Subramanian

Lynne A McCullough

Jonathan Kim Nguyen

Russell J Dewitte

Thomas Fauvell

Jin-Gyu Park

Jonathan D Gosnell

Michael J McAllister

Eugene Bzowej

Wesley Viola

Jr Richard J Paolini

Richard J Paolini

Joshua A Ritchey

A variable transmission film may include an electrophoretic medium having a plurality of capsules and a binder, each capsule containing a plurality of electrically charged particles and a fluid, the charged particles being movable by application of an electric field and being capable of being switched between an open state and a closed state. The film may include at least one of a binder containing fish gelatin and a polyanion; a binder containing one or more tinting agents; capsules containing charge control agents, such as an oligoamine-terminated polyolefin and a branched chain fatty acid comprising at least 8 carbon atoms; a selection of capsules in which at least 60% have a diameter between 50 μm and 90 μm and at least 15% have a diameter between 20 μm and 49 μm; a tinted adhesive layer; and a fluid selected from one or more nonconjugated olefinic hydrocarbons.

Method of forming an electro-optic medium

A security device () includes arrangements of image icons (), arrangements of refractive image icon focusing elements () and a sealing layer (), wherein the arrangements of refractive image icon focusing elements is disposed above the arrangements of image icons such that a portion of the arrangements of refractive image icon focusing elements projects a synthetic image, such that the arrangements of refractive image icon focusing elements contact the sealing layer along a non-planar boundary. Further, at least one of the arrangements of refractive image icon focusing elements and the sealing layer comprises an organic resin mixture having a first refractive index, and at least one of the arrangements of refractive image icon focusing elements and the sealing layer comprises a low-refractive index material, the low-refractive index material having a second refractive index.

Use of nanoparticles to tune index of refraction of layers of a polymeric matrix to optimize microoptic (MO) focus

A variable light transmission device has at least one layer of electrophoretic medium comprising charged particles. Application of a an electric field having a waveform formed by a superposition of a carrier and a modulator waveform enables the switching of the device from a closed state to an open state, wherein the open state has higher light transmission than the closed state. As a result, the device enables the selection of the desired optical state by the user.

Driving methods for a variable light transmission device

An electro-optic media includes either a plurality of microcapsules in a binder, a polymeric sheet containing sealed microcells, or droplets in a continuous polymeric phase. Each of the microcapsules, microcells, or droplets contain a dispersion that includes a plurality of charged composite particles and a suspending fluid, and the charged particles move through the suspending fluid under the influence of an electric field. The composite particles include one or more types of pigment particles that are at least partially coated with a polymeric material. Each of the binder, polymeric sheet, continuous polymeric phase, the charged composite particles, and the suspending fluid have an index of refraction, and a difference between the index of refraction of the composite particles and at least one of the binder, polymeric sheet, continuous polymeric phase, and solvent is less than or equal to 0.05 at 550 nm.

Composite electrophoretic particles and variable transmission films containing the same

A variable transmission film may include an electrophoretic medium having a plurality of capsules and a binder, each capsule containing a plurality of electrically charged particles and a fluid, the charged particles being movable by application of an electric field and being capable of being switched between an open state and a closed state. The film may include at least one of a binder containing fish gelatin and a polyanion; a binder containing one or more tinting agents; capsules containing charge control agents, such as an oligoamine-terminated polyolefin and a branched chain fatty acid comprising at least 8 carbon atoms; a selection of capsules in which at least 60% have a diameter between 50 &#x3bc;m and 90 &#x3bc;m and at least 15% have a diameter between 20 &#x3bc;m and 49 &#x3bc;m; a tinted adhesive layer; and a fluid selected from one or more nonconjugated olefinic hydrocarbons.

An electro-optic display having a viewing surface through which a user views the display, a bistable, electrophoretic medium, and at least one electrode arranged to apply an electric field to the electrophoretic medium, the display further comprising at least 10 micromoles per square meter of the viewing surface of at least one compound having an oxidation potential more negative that about 150 mV with respect to a standard hydrogen electrode, as measured at pH 8, where the compound is a sulfite salt or a salt of titanium (III), vanadium (II), iron (II), cobalt (II) or copper (I), a hydroquinone, a catechol, a dihydropyridine or a metallocene.

Electro-optic displays including redox compounds

A method of driving a variable transmission film is provided and a variable transmission device including the film and a controller configured to drive the film. The film may include a layer of electrophoretic material and at least one electrode, the electrophoretic material including a fluid containing a plurality of charged particles capable of moving through the fluid upon application of an electric field by the at least one electrode. The method may include applying a first voltage waveform to the film at an initial optical state and applying a second voltage waveform having a lower frequency and shorter pulse duration than the first voltage waveform to switch the film to a final optical state, wherein the film has a higher percent transmission at the initial optical state than the final optical state.

Driving methods for variable transmission electro-phoretic media

A variable opacity material is provided that may be in the form of a mixture, such as an emulsion that contains a discontinuous aqueous polymeric solution having an LCST of 0 to 100&#xb0; C. and a continuous phase containing a hydrophobic polymer, such as a polysiloxane. One or more salts, such as lithium bromide and sodium chloride, may be added to the aqueous solution to lower the LCST of the aqueous solution and to raise the refractive index of the aqueous polymeric solution to substantially match the refractive index of the hydrophobic polymer. The variable opacity materials may be applied in the form of a film to various substrates, such as glass.

Passive thermally driven variable opacity materials

An electro-optic medium exhibiting reduced haze and having other improved properties may be obtained by including a binder containing fish gelatin and acacia. The electro-optic medium may include a plurality of capsules in a binder, each capsule containing a plurality of electrically charged particles and a fluid, the charged particles being movable by application of an electric field.

Electro-optic media including encapsulated pigments in gelatin binder

Variable transmission electrophoretic devices

A variable transmission medium comprises a fluid and a plurality of nanoparticles dispersed in the fluid, wherein addition of acid to the fluid causes the nanoparticles to flocculate and form aggregates of particles that scatter light. The nanoparticles may comprise at least one metal oxide, such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide or zirconium dioxide. The fluid may have a dielectric constant less than about 10. The medium may be used in, for example, privacy glass for a conference room.

Nano-particle based variable transmission devices

An electro-optic display having a viewing surface through which a user views the display, a bistable, non-electrochromic electro-optic medium, and at least one electrode arranged to apply an electric field to the electro-optic medium, the display further comprising at least 10 micromoles per square meter of the viewing surface of at least one compound having an oxidation potential more negative that about 150 mV with respect to a standard hydrogen electrode, as measured at pH 8, where the compound having the oxidation potential comprises one or more compounds of Formulae I below: where in Formulae I, R-Rmay be substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl groups, or heteroatomic groups containing hetero atoms of Groups V-VII of the periodic table, and substituents Rand R(taken together), and/or Rand R, may form a ring.

Electrode structures for electro-optic displays

A sub-assembly for use in an electro-optic display, the sub-assembly comprising an electrically non-conductive substrate, a lamination adhesive layer, a light-transmissive electrically-conductive ceramic layer, and a light-transmissive non-ceramic electrically-conductive layer positioned between the light transmissive electrically-conductive ceramic layer and the lamination adhesive layer.

Growing community of inventors

Nashua, NH, United States of America

Peter Carsten Bailey Widger