The Johns Hopkins University

Candescent Technologies Corporation

Silicon Video, Inc.

Sri International

Peter C Searson

John M Macaulay

Christopher J Spindt

Robert M Duboc

Theodore O Poehler

Jeffrey Gilbert Killian

Chia-Ling Chien

Jennifer Giaccai

Haripada Sarker

Duane A Haven

Roger W Barton

Kai Liu

Gabriela S Chakarova

Maria S Nikolova

Yosef Gofer

Gerko Oskam

Kam W Leong

N Johan Knall

Timothy P Weihs

Christopher S Chen

Aliasger Karimjee Salem

Daniel H Reich

Denis Wirtz

Gerald Meyer

Garry R Cutting

Robert R Oberle

Gregory Bowman

Adrian B Mann

Nils Johan Knall

Andrew D Wong

Yossef Gofer

Dong-Hoon Choi

Walkiria S Schlindwein

Brendan M Coffey

Fengyuan Yang

John G Long

Alfredo A Celedon

Peter M Hoffmann

Sean X Sun

Philippe M Vereecken

A potentiometric sensor that includes a housing and working electrode is provided. The housing includes a reference electrode, a first hydrogel containing hydrogel that contains a reference solution, and a salt bridge. The sensor is wearable and can be used for continuous on-body sweat measurements.

Potentiometric wearable sweat sensor

A platform for creating an artificial blood brain barrier including a functional, perfused artificial vessel lined with endothelial cells embedded in a physiologically relevant three-dimensional extracellular matrix is described.

Platform for creating an artificial blood brain barrier

A system and a method for determining the torque imposed on a filament, such as a single DNA strand or macromolecule, using a magnetic probe and an imaging device.

Magnetic tweezers method to measure single molecule torque

This invention is predicated on the present applicants' discovery that nanostructures comprising discrete regions of different composition can be used to deliver to a biological cell a desired combination of molecules in close proximity. Different molecules can be selectively bonded to discrete regions of different composition in sufficiently close physical relationship to enhance delivery or effectiveness within the cell. The preferred nanostructures are multicomponent nanorods. Important applications include delivery of missing DNA sequences for gene therapy and delivery of antigens or DNA encoding antigens for vaccination.

Methods and products for delivering biological molecules to cells using multicomponent nanostructures

The invention provides multisegmented, multifunctional magnetic nanowires for the probing and manipulation of molecules at the cellular and subcellular level. The different segments of the nanowire may have differing properties, including a variety of magnetic, non-magnetic, and luminescent behavior. Differences in surface chemistry allow different segments of a single nanowire to be functionalized with different multiple functional groups and/or ligands, giving the wire chemical multifunctionality.

Multifunctional magnetic nanowires

A method of manufacture of an electrode formed from at least one electrically conductive polymer having a lower, polymerization potential than p-doping peak. The method of manufacture of the electrode including a conditioning step which results in remarkably high charge capacities and excellent cycling efficiency. The provision of these polymeric electrodes further permits the manufacture of an electrochemical storage cell which is substantially free of metal components, thereby improving handling of the storage cell and obviating safety and environmental concerns associated with alternative secondary battery technology.

Method for electrochemical conditioning polymeric electrodes

The invention is directed to the use of electrochemical deposition to fabricate thin films of a material (e.g., bismuth) exhibiting a superior magnetoresistive effect. The process in accordance with a preferred embodiment produces a thin film of bismuth with reduced polycrystallinization and allows for the production of single crystalline thin films. Fabrication of a bismuth thin film in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention includes deposition of a bismuth layer onto a substrate using electrochemical deposition under relatively constant current density. Preferably, the resulting product is subsequently exposed to an annealing stage for the formation of a single crystal bismuth thin film. The inclusion of these two stages in the process produces a thin film exhibiting superior MR with a simple field dependence in the process suitable for a variety of field sensing applications.

Bismuth thin films structure and method of construction

The invention is directed to the use of copper as via and interconnect structures for an integrated circuit. The process in accordance with a preferred embodiment produces an interconnect layer of continuous copper with superior adhesion while requiring only a minimum number of steps for its production. This process addresses the current need in semiconductor manufacturing for reliable and performance-oriented vias and interconnect structures, while not being susceptible to many of the problems which plague the use of aluminum for similar structures. Fabrication of an integrated circuit in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention begins with the formation of semiconductor devices on a silicon wafer. Next, an intermetallic dielectric layer (IDL) is formed by materials such as silicon dioxide (SiO,), polymide, or silicon nitride over the devices. This step is followed by the laying of a diffusion barrier layer on the IDL surface. The resulting product is then exposed to an electrochemical deposition or electroplating stage for the formation of a copper layer directly on top of the diffusion barrier layer. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a variable voltage is applied to the electrochemical process in two different stages. The first stage produces nucleation of a high density of clusters and the second stage permits diffusion limited growth of the clusters so as to produce a continuous copper film layer.

Copper metallization structure and method of construction

An electron-emitting device contains a lower conductive region (,), a porous insulating layer (,A,,B,,D,,E, or,F) overlying the lower conductive region, and a multiplicity of electron-emissive elements (,A, or,B) situated in pores (,) extending through the porous layer. The pores are situated at locations substantially random relative to one another. The lower conductive region typically contains a highly conductive portion (,A) and an overlying highly resistive portion (,B). Alternatively or additionally, a patterned gate layer (,B,,B, or,B) overlies the porous layer. Openings (,, or,) corresponding to the filaments extend through the gate layer at locations generally centered on the filaments such that the filaments are separated from the gate layer.

Filamentary electron-emission device having self-aligned gate or/and lower conductive/resistive region

Novel arrays of nanowires made of semi-metallic Bismuth (Bi) is disclosed made by unique electrodeposition techniques. Because of the unusual electronic properties of the semi-metallic Bi and the nanowire geometry, strong finite size effects in transport properties are achieved. In addition, very large positive magnetoresistance, 300% at low temperatures and 70% at room temperature, with quasilinear field dependence have been attained.

Arrays of semi-metallic bismuth nanowires and fabrication techniques therefor

An apparatus and method is disclosed; both of which use electrochemistry to selectively grow and remove hard oxide coatings on metals, and capacitive double layers on non-metals and semiconductors in order to predict and control the rate of surface abrasion during planarization of the surface of such materials.

Electrochemical-control of abrasive polishing and machining rates

An electrochemical storage cell or battery including as at least one electrode at least one electrically conductive polymer, the polymer being poly(1,4-bis(2-thienyl)-3-fluorophenylene), poly(1,4-bis(2-thienyl)-2,5-difluorophenylene), poly(1,4-bis(2-thienyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenylene), or poly(1,4-bis(2-thienyl)-benzene). These polymeric electrodes have remarkably high charge capacities, and excellent cycling efficiency. The provision of these polymeric electrodes further permits the electrochemical storage cell to be substantially free of metal components, thereby improving handling of the storage cell and obviating safety and environmental concerns associated with alternative secondary battery technology.

Electrochemical storage cell containing at least one electrode

An electrochemical supercapacitor or lithium ion intercalation battery formed from carbon particles distributed in a carbon/ceramic composite paste preferably produced by sol-gel technology wherein the paste is shaped and contacted with a solvent and electrolyte salt followed by an optional washing with an aqueous or non-aqueous solution to remove residual organic solvent and salt and leaving a shaped composite having the internal microscopic surface area electrochemically accessible and useful for charge storage applications.

Method for making carbon/ceramic composite electrodes for charge storage

Gated electron emitters are fabricated by processes in which charged particles are passed through a track layer (24, 48, or 144) to form charged-particle tracks (26.sub.1, 50.sub.1, or 146.sub.1). The track layer is etched along the tracks to create open spaces (28.sub.1, 52.sub.1, or 148.sub.1). Electron-emissive elements (30 or 142D) can then be formed at locations respectively centered on the open spaces after which a patterned gate layer (34B, 40B, or 158C) is provided. Alternatively, the open spaces in the track layer can be employed to etch corresponding apertures (54.sub.1) through an underlying non-insulating layer (46) which typically serves as the gate layer. An etch is performed through the apertures to form dielectric open spaces (56.sub.1, 96.sub.1, or 114.sub.1) in an insulating layer (24) that lies below the non-insulating layer. Electron-emissive elements (30B, 30/88D.sub.1, 98/102.sub.1, or 118.sub.1) can subsequently be provided, typically in the dielectric open spaces.

Fabrication of electronic devices by method that involves ion tracking

An impedance-assisted electrochemical method is employed for selectively removing certain material from a structure without significantly electrochemically removing certain other material of the same chemical type as the removed material.

Growing community of inventors

Baltimore, MD, United States of America

Peter C Searson