St. Jude Medical Ab

Siemens Aktiengesellschaft

Pacesetter Ab

Obducat Ab

Siemens Elema Ab

Peter Andersson

Berit Larsson

Lennart Olsson

Asa Uhrenius

Josef Vock

Goran Budgifvars

Åsa Uhrenius

Feresteh Shojaei

Goran-Sven Budgifvars

Gunbritt Skog

Jan Lindberg

Bo Koepsen

Jonas Berglin

Bo Kopsen

G&ouml;ran Budgivars

Feresteh Shojael

G&ouml;ran Budgifvars

&angst;sa Uhrenius

A device () for transferring a pattern to an object (). The invention relates especially to production of micro and nanostructures. The device comprises an alignment means () arranged in connection with a first contacting means () for controlling the motion of the first stamp () in a direction perpendicular to the pressing direction (A), and a second contacting means () having a second stamp () adapted to imprint a second pattern in the second surface () of the object (), and a pressing means () further adapted to press the second stamp () into contact with the second surface () of the object () in the pressing direction (A). Hereby is obtained a device of a simple design, which has a high accuracy of the alignment of the stamps in relation to the object.

Device for transferring a pattern to an object

There is provided a device for transferring a pattern from a stamp to a substrate, provided with a moldable film, by pressing the stamp and the substrate against each other. The device comprises at least one fixture for retaining a planar object such as the stamp or the substrate. The device is distinguished in that it comprises a heating element for heating the planar object, and measuring arrangement for determining a change in the size of the planar object due to the heating.

Devices and methods for aligning a stamp and a substrate

A heart stimulator has a pulse generator which emits stimulation pulses of different amplitudes, which are delivered to a patient's heart via a lead connected to the pulse generator. The pulse generator is controlled by a control unit, in a procedure for determining a stimulation threshold value, to emit stimulation pulses of successively unidirectionally changing amplitudes. Each stimulation pulse is followed by a test pulse having a predetermined high, constant amplitude delivered in a period corresponding to the refractory period after the preceding stimulation pulse. Each test pulse has an amplitude sufficient to capture a non-refractory heart. A measurement unit is connected to the electrode lead, and measures a signal picked up by the lead after each test pulse. The measured signals are supplied to a comparator, which compares the signals following the test pulses with each other. A significant change in the measured signal after the test pulses indicates that the amplitude of the stimulation pulses has passed the threshold value.

Heart stimulator with evoked response detector and an arrangement for determining the stimulation threshold

A heart stimulator has an evoked response detector which determines evoked response in the presence of polarization. To determine the magnitude of the polarization for different stimulation amplitudes, the electrode signals picked up by a lead after the delivery of a stimulation pulse having a selected amplitude are measured. A polarization signal is obtained from the picked up signals, and this polarization signal, with modification, is subtracted from signals picked up following subsequently emitted stimulation pulses. Dependent on the subtraction result, a determination is made as to whether an evoked response has occurred.

Heart stimulator having an evoked response detector

A heart stimulator has an evoked response detector for determining evoked response in the presence of polarization. The heart stimulator produces stimulation pulses of different amplitudes via a lead introduced to the heart of the patient. The evoked response detector measures an electrode signal picked up by the lead after each stimulation pulse. In order to set an evoked response threshold value, the pulse generator of the stimulator is controlled to deliver at least two stimulation pulses with different amplitudes, at least one of these stimulation pulses having a high amplitude that exceeds the stimulation threshold value. A measuring unit in the evoked response detector measures the picked up electrode signals, and a calculating unit in the evoked response detector calculates the polarization for the high stimulation amplitude and identifies a measured electrode signal for the lowest possible stimulation amplitude from the measured electrode signals. The evoked response detector also has an analyzing unit which sets a threshold value for the measured electrode signal from the calculated polarization and lowest possible stimulation amplitude.

Evoked response detector for a heart stimulator

An evoked response detector for a heart stimulator determines evoked response in the presence of polarization. The heart stimulator has a pulse generator which produces stimulation pulses of varying amplitudes, and a lead adapted for introduction into the heart of a patient is connected to the pulse generator for delivering stimulation pulses to the heart. The evoked response detector includes measuring and memory circuitry for measuring and storing the electrode signals picked up by the lead in response to the delivered stimulation pulses, at least one of these stimulation pulses having a sufficiently high amplitude for obtaining capture. Each measured electrode signal contains two signal components, one of these signal components being proportional to the amplitude of the associated stimulation pulse and the other signal component being substantially constant, independent of the associated stimulation pulse amplitude. An analyzing unit determines the evoked response signal from a predetermined relation between the amplitudes of at least two stimulation pulses of different amplitudes and the resulting measured electrode signals.

Heart stimulator with an evoked response detector

A back-up pulse generator for a pacemaker having a first energy storing component for storing energy to be delivered in a stimulation pulse and connectable to means for conducting the stimulation pulse to the heart, the back-up pulse generator including a back-up pulse energy storing component for emitting a back-up pulse after a failure to sense an evoked response from a preceding stimulation pulse. The back-up pulse energy storing component substantially permanently stores energy at a higher voltage than the energy stored in the first energy storing component.

Back-up pulse generator

A pacemaker contains at least one power-consuming component, such as a sensor with associated electronic circuitry for controlling the pacemaker function or a heart signal detector, and an electrode system for emitting heart stimulation pulses. The power-consuming component is disenabled prior to implantation of the pacemaker. Circuitry is provided for enabling the power-consuming component which is responsive to an event occurring substantially simultaneously with pacemaker implantation in the patient. Such circuitry may include a device for measuring the electrode impedance so as to enable the power-consuming component in response to the measured impedance value. The circuitry for enabling the power-consuming component can alternatively includes internal telemetry equipment in the pacemaker and external telemetry equipment for communications between the telemetry equipments. The external telemetry equipment can contain programming equipment and the internal telemetry equipment be arranged to enable the power-consuming component as soon as the programming equipment begins communicating at the time of implantation with the internal telemetry equipment, or by sending a special command from the programming equipment at the time of implantation. Alternatively the enabling circuitry can include a reed element, controllable by an external magnetic field, applied at the time of implantation, for enabling the power-consuming component.

Pacemaker with power-consuming component inhibited during storage

A device for biological tissue stimulation continually undertakes an evaluation of the stimulation sensitivity of the biological tissue to be stimulated, so that the stimulation energy can be set at a level just high enough to evoke a tissue response. Each evaluation ensues by stimulating the tissue with progressively lower energy levels, until no tissue response is detected. In order to improve matching of the stimulation energy to the varying stimulation sensitivity, and to keep the number of unsuccessful stimulation attempts, which occur during each evaluation, low, a device is disclosed wherein calculation of the stimulation sensitivity occurs at periodic time intervals, each time interval having a duration which is selected dependent on the variation in the stimulation sensitivity between the two most recently occurring calculations of the stimulation sensitivity. The device may be, for example, a heart pacemaker. A method for tissue stimulation is also disclosed.

Biological tissue stimulation device with control means for determining

An apparatus for stimulating living tissue delivers a stimulating pulse with a predetermined stimulating pulse amplitude and a stimulating pulse duration. Each stimulating pulse is separated by a stimulating pulse time interval, which is controlled by a control device. Maintenance of the predetermined stimulating pulse amplitude is undertaken by continuous control of the stimulating pulse time interval by means of the control device, which increases the value of a predetermined minimum stimulating pulse time interval to a new value if the time period, from the time when the voltage across an output capacitor reaches the value of the stimulating pulse amplitude until the time when the stimulating pulse is delivered, is shorter than a safety time interval established by the control device.

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Stockholm, Sweden

Peter Andersson