Stauffer Chemical Company

Nutrisearch Company

Ciba Corning Diagnostics Corp.

Pei K Chang

Mary C Concilio-Nolan

Chang R Lee

Gabriele E Scibelli

The thermogelation temperature of protein in a solution having a pH above the isoelectric point of the protein can be lowered within the range of the thermogelation temperature of egg albumen and an increase of stability of the protein in a solution having a pH below the isoelectric point of the protein by a process comprising cooling an ungelled heated protein-containing alkaline solution having a total protein content of less than about 20% wherein the pH of the solution is within the range of from about 7.5 to about 10 and the temperature is within the range of from about 50.degree. C. up to the gelation temperature of the protein to a temperature sufficiently low and within a sufficient time after the solution reaches its maximum temperature level to prevent any substantial further change in the protein structure or gelation.

Protein composition characterized by lower thermogelation temperature

A process for improving the viscosity of vegetable protein-containing solutions which comprises:

Oil seed proteins evidencing improved functionality

A process for increasing the viscosity of vegetable protein-containing solutions which comprises subjecting a substantially dry protein composition containing at least 60% protein which protein is substantially insoluble at its isoelectric point and substantially soluble above and below its isoelectric point to a heat treatment for a period of time sufficient to modify the protein such that the viscosity of a 10% solution of said treated protein composition is increased over a solution of untreated protein composition by at least 100%.

Vegetable protein evidencing improved solution viscosity

A fabricated seafood product is prepared by shaping a blend of seafood meat and as a binding agent therefor a combination comprising a whey protein concentrate composition having at least 30% protein wherein at least 50% of the protein in the whey protein concentrate composition is whey protein, and either (a) from about 1.25% to about 3% sodium tripolyphosphate or (b) from about 0.4 to about 1.25% sodium tripolyphosphate in combination with a food grade, nonphosphorus-containing alkalizing agent, the pH of said fabricated seafood product being within the range of from about 7.0 to about 7.75.

Fabricated shellfish products containing whey protein concentrate

A dried blend of egg albumen and whey protein-containing composition which exhibits improved gel strength is prepared by subjecting desugared dried egg albumen to a heat treatment for a period of time ranging from in excess of about 2 weeks to about 8 weeks beyond the time the heat history of the dry egg albumen has remained above about 55.degree. C. said period of time being sufficient to elevate the gel strength of the egg albumen above 250 grams over the gel strength of the egg albumen prior to pasteurization, the blending from about 50% to about 85% of said so treated egg albumen with at least 15% of a whey protein-containing composition having from about 35% to about 80% whey protein.

Blends of egg albumen and whey protein having improved gel strength

Gelled egg white of the type normally found in hard boiled eggs can be replaced with substantially equivalent taste and mouth feel with a whey protein concentrate which is heat coagulated at a temperature of 80.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. at a pH within the range of about 7 to about 10.

Use of heat coagulated whey protein concentrate as a substitute for

An egg white substitute is formed from whey proteins by adjusting a water solution containing the whey protein to a pH of from about 11 to about 13 and thereafter reducing the pH to a value of about 4.0 to about 6.0 to produce a water solution of a modified whey protein and insoluble whey solids. The water solution of the modified whey product can be used as an egg white substitute, e.g., in meringues. If the insoluble whey solids are rehydrolyzed, they too can be used as an egg white substitute.

Process for forming an egg white substitute

New egg albumen extenders are provided comprising a derived protein-containing composition obtained from plant or animal sources, wherein said derived protein-containing composition has a molecular weight of less than 20,000, a total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) content of from about 0.45 to about 2.1% of which at least 60% of the Kjeldahl nitrogen is non-protein nitrogen, and optionally, a whipping aid such as an enzyme modified wheat or soy protein, in combination with a member selected from the group consisting of gelatin, gelatin and a water soluble polyphosphate, a gum and mixtures thereof. The products of the invention can be used as egg albumen extenders in whipped products such as meringues, nougat candy, divinity candy and cakes such as yellow or sponge cake.

Egg albumen extender prepared from derived protein-containing

Depending on the application, up to 100% of the egg albumen requirement of a food composition can be replaced with a composition comprising a whey protein concentrate and 0.5-15% carboxymethylcellulose. The composition of the present invention can also be used to extend whole eggs, replace milk up to 100% and combinations thereof. Substantially no change is seen in the food product containing the substitution. An economic advantage can be gained by the substitution.

Replacement of egg albumen in food compositions

Pasteurized process cheese, pasteurized process cheese food and spread, and imitation cheese spread products are disclosed which contain a partially soluble modified whey solids product derived from either adding a divalent metal ion to a cheese whey solution and adjusting the pH to between about 6.0 and about 8.0 at a temperature of below about 140.degree. F. or by adjusting the pH of a raw cheese whey containing at least 20% acid cheese whey to a value of between about 6.0 and about 8.0 to cause precipitation of the modified whey solids product.

Process cheese containing a modified whey solids

An improved whippable whey protein containing composition is provided comprising a whey protein containing product having at least 20% soluble whey protein, in combination with a member selected from the group consisting of gelatin, gelatin and a water soluble polyphosphate, a gum and mixtures thereof, the whey protein containing product being prepared by:

Whipping composition of modified whey protein and additives

Reaction of sodium lauryl sulfate with whey proteins forms a sodium lauryl sulfate-whey protein complex. Treatment of the complex with base to bring it to a pH of either from about 5.0 to about 6.5 at a solids content of from about 5% to about 30%, by weight, and at a temperature of from about 0.degree. C. to about 5.degree. C. or a pH of from about 11 to about 13 at a solids content of from about 2.5% to about 10% and a temperature of from about 0.degree. C. to about 5.degree. C. produces a precipitate and supernatant solution. The supernatant can be used to make an egg white substitute, after reduction of its sodium lauryl sulfate content, whereas the precipitate is high in sodium lauryl sulfate and can be recycled for use as a starting reagent.

Process for separating sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) from a SLS/protein

Egg white substitutes can be prepared from cheese or vegetable whey by first reacting it with sodium lauryl sulfate to form a complex which precipitates in acidic medium, and, after removal of most of the sodium lauryl sulfate, using the product as a replacer for natural egg white in food preparations.

Production of egg white substitute from whey

Proteins are removed from liquid acid cheese whey at a temperature of from about 10.degree. to about 25.degree. C. by adding to the acid cheese whey, which is at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 8.0, an effective amount of undissolved sodium lauryl sulfate for precipitation of the proteins and by thereafter adjusting the pH of the acid cheese whey to a value of from about 2.0 to about 5.0 to cause said precipitation.

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Montrose, NY, United States of America

Pei K Chang