The United States of America, As Represented by the Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services

The General Hospital Corporation

The United States of America As Represented by the Department of Health

International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh

Pavol Kovac

Stephen B Calderwood

Edward T Ryan

Firdausi Qadri

Willie Frank Vann

Dwight Christopher Peterson

Peng Xu

Jian Zhang

The disclosure provides directly conjugated polysaccharide vaccine molecules and methods related thereto.

Conjugating amines

The present invention provides a method to couple a glycosyl donor to an amine-containing carrier or substrate material using as a spacer a compound of the general formula I: ##STR1## in which n and m are each independently an integer of from 1 to 12, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently H, lower alkyl, a hydroxyl group, or a substituent which does not interfere with the linking reactions, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are each independently H, lower alkyl, a hydroxyl group, or a substituent which does not interfere with the linking reactions, R.sub.3 and R'.sub.3 are each independently an optionally substituted lower alkyl or R.sub.3 and R'.sub.3 can be joined to form an optionally substituted cyclic moiety having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

Linking compounds useful for coupling carbohydrates to amine-containing

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Silver Spring, MD, United States of America

Pavol Kovac