Avedro, Inc.

E Ink Corporation

Advero, Inc.

Pavel Kamaev

Marc David Friedman

Mikhail Smirnov

Alexandra Nicklin

David Muller

Evan Sherr

Richard J Paolini, Jr

Jay William Anseth

David Darrell Miller

David Usher

John Marshall

Satish Herekar

Nishit Murari

Ronald Scharf

Radha Pertaub

Stephen Scharf

Rajesh K Rajpal

Stephen Zolla

Martin Joseph Coffey

William Eddington

Sara Rood-Ojalvo

Sarah M Peterson

Jr Paolini Richard J

Stephen Blinn

A method for making electrophoretic displays layers including various thin films that are deposited directly onto a layer of microcapsules of electrophoretic media. In an embodiment, a thin film of a light-transmissive conductive material is deposited to create a clear front electrode for an electrophoretic display. In some embodiments, both a dielectric layer and a thin film of a light-transmissive conductive material will be deposited onto the microcapsules.

Electrophoretic display layer with thin film top electrode

A system for corneal treatment includes a light source that activates cross-linking in at least one selected region of a cornea treated with a cross-linking agent. The light source delivers photoactivating light to the at least one selected region of the cornea according to a set of parameters. The system includes a controller that receives input relating to the cross-linking agent and the set of parameters. The controller includes computer-readable storage media storing: (A) program instructions for determining cross-linking resulting from reactions involving ROS including at least peroxides, superoxides, and hydroxyl radicals, and (B) program instructions for determining cross-linking from reactions not involving oxygen. The controller executes the program instructions to output a calculated amount of cross-linking in the at least one selected region of the cornea. In response to the calculated amount of cross-linking, the light source adjusts at least one value in the set of parameters.

Systems and methods for cross-linking treatments of an eye

Example eye treatments detennine an area at a surface of a cornea for delivery of a cross-linking agent. The example treatments disrupt tissue at the area at the surface of the con1ea up to a depth corresponding to apical layers of superficial squamous cells of the cornea, e.g., no greater than approximately 10 μm to approximately 15 lm. The example treatments apply a cross-linking agent to the area at the surface of the cornea. The cross-linking agent is transmitted through the disrupted area at a greater rate relative to non disrupted areas of the cornea. The example treatments deliver photoactivating light to the cornea. The photoactivating light activates the cross-linking agent to generate cross-linking activity in the cornea.

Formulations, are used for eye treatments, e.g., cross-linking treatments. For example, a therapeutic formulation includes a photosensitizer and delivery agent(s), wherein the delivery agent(s) include at least one of: anesthetic agent(s), analgesic agent(s), tonicity agent(s), or shear-thinning, or viscosity-increasing agent(s). In another example, a method includes applying preparatory formulation(s) to increase a permeability of a corneal epithelium, and applying therapeutic formulation(s) to the epithelium, where the preparatory formulation(s) include zinc metalloproteinase, copper metalloproteinase, papain, bromelain, actinidin, ficain, N-acetylcysteine, ambroxol, carbocisteine, and/or erdosteine. In yet another example, a method includes applying therapeutic formulation(s) to a corneal epithelium to deliver the therapeutic formulation(s) to a stroma, and applying enhancement formulation(s) to the epithelium in response to applying the therapeutic formulation(s), where: the enhancement formulation(s) remove the therapeutic formulation(s) from the epithelium; close tight junctions of the epithelium; promote oxidation for the therapeutic agent(s); and/or further deliver the therapeutic formulation(s) to the stroma.

Formulations for eye treatments

A formulation for an eye treatment includes a photosensitizer and a permeability enhancing composition. The permeability enhancing composition includes one or more permeability enhancers. The permeability enhancing composition has a hydrophilic and lipophilic balance increases a permeability of an area of the eye for the photosensitizer. The hydrophilic and lipophilic balance can be characterized by a Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) number. For example, the area of the eye may include a corneal epithelium, the photosensitizer may include riboflavin, and the permeability enhancing composition may have a corresponding HLB number between approximately 12.6 and approximately 14.6.

Systems and methods for treatments of an eye with a photosensitizer

An antimicrobial treatment system comprises a wearable photoactivation device. The wearable photoactivation device includes a body configured to be positioned on a head of a subject over one or more eyes of the subject. The body includes one or more windows or openings that allow the one or more eyes to see through the body. The body includes one or more photoactivating light sources coupled to the body and configured to direct photoactivating light to the one or more eyes according to illumination parameters. The illumination parameters determine a dose of the photoactivating light that activates, according to photochemical kinetic reactions, a photosensitizer applied to the one or more eyes and generates reactive oxygen species that provide an antimicrobial effect in the one or more eyes, without substantially inducing cross-linking activity that produces biomechanical changes in the one or more eyes.

Systems and methods for photoactivating a photosensitizer applied to an eye

Example eye treatments determine an area at a surface of a cornea for delivery of a cross-linking agent. The example treatments disrupt tissue at the area at the surface of the cornea up to a depth corresponding to apical layers of superficial squamous cells of the cornea, e.g., no greater than approximately 10 &#x3bc;m to approximately 15 &#x3bc;m. The example treatments apply a cross-linking agent to the area at the surface of the cornea. The cross-linking agent is transmitted through the disrupted area at a greater rate relative to non disrupted areas of the cornea. The example treatments deliver photoactivating light to the cornea. The photoactivating light activates the cross-linking agent to generate cross-linking activity in the cornea.

A drug delivery device includes a drug-eluting element defined by a plurality of outer surfaces including a delivery surface and one or more other non-delivery surfaces. The delivery surface is positioned against tissue of an eye and shaped to define an area of targeted tissue to receive a drug. The drug-eluting element holds the drug when the delivery surface is not positioned against the tissue. Responsive to the delivery surface being positioned against the tissue, the drug-eluting element releases the drug to the area of targeted tissue through the delivery surface. The drug delivery device includes one or more barrier structures disposed along the one or more non-delivery surfaces of the drug-eluting element. The one or more barrier structures substantially inhibit release of the drug from the drug-eluting element through the one or more non-delivery surfaces.

Systems and methods for delivering drugs to an eye

Devices and approaches for monitoring time based photo active agent delivery or photo active marker presence in an eye. A monitoring system is provided for measuring the presence of a photo active marker by illuminating the eye so as to excite the photo-active marker and then observing characteristic emission from the photo active marker. Example systems incorporate Scheimpflug optical systems or slit lamp optical systems to observe cross sectional images of an eye to monitor instantaneous distribution, diffusion pattern, and rate of uptake of a photo active agent applied to an eye. Systems and methods further allow for utilizing the monitored distribution of photo active agent in the eye as feedback for a cross-linking system.

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Lexington, MA, United States of America

Pavel Kamaev