Columbia University

Paul Vadola

Dalibor Sames

David Sulzer

Niko Gert Gubernator

The present invention relates to compounds of the general structure: wherein Y is O, X is O, bond &#x3b1; is absent and bond &#x3b2; is present, or Y is H, X is CH, bond &#x3b1; is present, and bond &#x3b2; is absent; atom Z is a carbon and bonds &#x3c7;, &#x3b4; and &#x3b3; are present, or is a nitrogen and bonds &#x3c7;, &#x3b4; and &#x3b3; are absent; Ris &#x2014;H, &#x2014;OH, &#x2014;O&#x2014;R, &#x2014;N(H)&#x2014;R, &#x2014;N(H)&#x2014;(CH)&#x2014;NH, &#x2014;N(R)(R), or a piperazine cation; Ris either covalently bound to R, or is &#x2014;H, or is covalently bound to Rso as to form a substituted or unsubstituted pyrrole or Ris covalently bound to Ror Ror R; or Rand Rare covalently joined to form an aromatic ring; Ris either covalently bound to Rso as to form a pyrrole, or is, inter alia, &#x2014;H, &#x2014;OH, alkyl, or when Z is nitrogen Ris &#x2550;O; Ris, inter alia, &#x2014;H, &#x2014;OH, or &#x2014;RNH; Ris, inter alia, &#x2014;H, &#x2014;OH, or &#x2014;RNH, and Ris either is covalently bound to Ror is &#x2014;H, or Ris covalently bound to Ror Ror R. This invention also provides processes for making the compounds as well as methods for monitoring activity of monoamine transporters or treating monoamine transporter-associated diseases by employing the compounds. 

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Paul Vadola