Mks Instruments, Inc.

Paul Michael Meneghini

Ali Shajii

David Kingston Owens

Daniel Alexander Smith

Shaun T Smith

Leonard Myatt

David K Owens

A plasma source is provided that includes multiple metallic blocks. A toroidal plasma chamber and a transformer are substantially embedded in the metallic blocks. The toroidal plasma chamber includes a gas inlet configured to receive a process gas and a gas outlet configured to expel at least a portion of the process gas from the plasma chamber. The plasma chamber also includes multiple linear channel segments, multiple joints, an inlet joint, and an outlet joint machined into the metallic blocks. Each of the inlet joint, the outlet joint, and the joints connects a pair of the linear channel segments. The linear channel segments, the joints, the inlet joint and the outlet joint in combination form the toroidal plasma chamber. The gas inlet is disposed on the inlet joint. The gas outlet is disposed on the outlet joint. An inner angle of each of the joints is greater than about 90 degrees.

Polygonal toroidal plasma source

Ozone generator cells that include two thermally conductive plates that maintain contact between various layers of the cells in the absence of a bonding agent. The cells lack aluminum-containing materials in the discharge region of the cell.

Ozone generator

A mole delivery system and method provide pulses of known molar quantities as a function of the time duration of each pulse, which in turn is derived as a function of the ideal gas law. In one embodiment of the system, the system comprises: a chamber of known volume and controlled and known temperature; a pressure sensor to measure the pressure in the chamber; an outlet valve to a process tool; an inlet valve to charge the chamber with the delivery gas; and a control system configured and arranged so as to control the operation of the outlet valve, control the amount of each gas pulse by controlling the timing of the valve to the process tool.

Control for and method of pulsed gas delivery

A flow rate sensor includes a main conduit, a sensor tube and a bypass tube connecting an upstream portion of the main conduit to a downstream portion of the main conduit such that flow through the main conduit is divided through the sensor tube and the bypass tube, and at least one heater element for heating the sensor tube. A first flow restrictor of porous media is positioned between the upstream portion of the main conduit and the sensor tube, and a second flow restrictor of porous media is positioned between the upstream portion of the main conduit and the bypass tube. The flow restrictors provide the flow rate sensor with a fixed bypass ratio so that the sensor can operate independently of the type of gas being measured.

Thermal mass flow rate sensor having fixed bypass ratio

A sensing apparatus for use in a mass flow rate sensor for measuring a fluid flow rate includes a main conduit for containing a fluid flow, and a sensor passageway for tapping a portion of the fluid flow from the main conduit at a first location, and returning the portion of the fluid flow to the conduit at a second location. At least one bypass passageway, which may be provided in the form of a tube, is positioned in the main conduit between the first and second locations, and the bypass passageway is provided with non-negligible entrance effects that are substantially equal to entrance effects of the sensor passageway, so that a bypass ratio of the apparatus remains constant. A mass flow rate sensor of the present disclosure accurately measures any type of gas but only requires calibration in only one reference gas.

Thermal mass flow rate sensor including bypass passageways and a sensor passageway having similar entrance effects

A mass flow rate sensor uses a Reynolds number correction function to compensate for errors in a bypass ratio of the sensor for all gases, based on the fact that all bypass errors are functions of Reynolds number. The sensor includes a sensor tube and a bypass tube dividing flow, wherein a bypass ratio of the sensor equals a total flow rate through the sensor divided by a flow rate through just the sensor tube. Heater elements heat an upstream portion and a downstream portion of the sensor tube, and a circuit is connected to the heater elements for producing a voltage based upon a difference in resistance between the heater elements. The voltage is calibrated based on known flow rates of a reference gas, and the flow rate through the sensor is based upon the calibrated voltage multiplied by a multi-gas correction function and a Reynolds number correction function.

Reynolds number correction function for mass flow rate sensor

A sensing apparatus for use in a mass flow rate sensor for measuring a fluid flow rate includes a main conduit for containing a fluid flow, and a capillary tube for tapping a portion of the fluid flow from the main conduit at a first location, and returning the portion of the fluid flow to the conduit at a second location. The capillary tube is disposed about a centerline, and includes an inner wall defined by an inside radius measured from the centerline. The inside radius varies periodically, preferably sinusoidally, along the centerline for at least a portion of the capillary tube, thereby forming a turbulated surface on the inner wall. The turbulated inner wall increases wall surface area, and fluid mixing. The resulting increased heat transfer rate decreases the error in sensor output from nonlinear behavior.

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Ipswich, MA, United States of America

Paul Michael Meneghini