Gte Laboratories Incorporated

Nz Applied Technologies Corp.

Corning Applied Technologies Corporation

Other

Gte Valeron Corporation

Newton Photonics, Inc.

Biotell, Inc.

Paul Melman

W John Carlsen

Hua Jiang

Qiushui Chen

Feiling Wang

Jing Zhao

Marvin J Tabasky

Yingyin Kevin Zou

Emil S Koteles

Run Zhang

Boris S Elman

Gary Y Wang

Dean Z Tsang

Kevin Zou

Elliot G Eichen

Mark L Dakss

Chirravuri Jagannath

Barbara M Foley

Craig A Armiento

Kenneth J Cook

Guanghai Jin

Stephen Roy Cohen

Jagannath Chirravuri

Shmuel Halevi

A method of measuring glucose concentration in tissue includes measuring scattering coefficients of the tissue at each of a plurality of temperatures and at a selected tissue depth using optical coherence tomography, and determining the glucose concentration in interstitial fluid of the tissue as a function of the measured scattering coefficients.

Interferometric method and instrument for measurement and monitoring blood glucose through measurement of tissue refractive index

The invention features a waveguide based devices, methods, and systems to increase sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurement through the use of differential detection. The enhanced sensitivity enables analysis and detection of a wide range of analytes including, for example, DNA, antibodies, proteins, and other chemical compounds. These methods achieve this result by sampling the SPR response curve at more than one point. This can be achieved using a detection device with sets of optical waveguides having distinct propagation parameters, or by using light of different wavelengths. These methods are suitable for multi-analyte and multi-sample applications in a miniaturized detection system. Furthermore, this invention makes use of an alternating polarity electric field to reduce nonspecific analyte binding and detection time.

Optical detection

An apparatus and method for filtering an optical input is disclosed. In an illustrative embodiment, an optical input is split into polarization components along separate paths. The polarization components are then fed into a first electro-optic device that includes a set of electrodes across which a voltage is applied to adjust a wavelength transmission characteristic of the device. A section of the first device positioned between the electrodes preferably has a birefringence that is adjusted depending on the voltage applied across the electrodes. The adjusted components of the optical input are thereafter combined to produce an optical output. Accordingly, the optical input can be attenuated based on the voltage applied to electrodes of the first electro-optic device.

Dynamic optical filter

A system for aligning the optical components of a chemical analysis system in which capillaries or optical fibers are supported by a substrate. The system provides for alignment of elements of an electrophoresis system in an efficient high sampling rate capability. The system provides multiple sources, such as lasers or LEDs that are optically coupled to each capillary or channel. Multi-analyte capability, a variety of analysis modes and DNA sequencing operations are applications of systems using a plurality of lasers per channel.

System and method for molecular sample measurement

An optical modulator is provided to control the intensity of a transmitted or reflected light. In a transmission mode, a separator splits arbitrarily polarized light into two polarization rays and one is made to travel a separate path from the other. A recombiner causes the two rays to recombine at an output unless an electro-optic phase retarder changes the polarization of the two rays, in which case, both of them miss the output by an amount which is a function of the voltage on the retarder. A normally-off version with low polarization mode dispersion is obtained by changing the orientation of the recombiner. A normally-on version with low polarization mode dispersion is obtained with a passive polarization direction rotator. Similar results can be obtained in a reflection mode where the input and output are on the same side of the modulator. Versions using a GRIN lens are particularly suited to modulation of light out of and back into fiber-optic cables. The device can be operated as a variable optical attenuator, an optical switch, or a high speed modulator and is insensitive to polarization of the input light. A preferred material for the phase retarder is a hot-pressed ceramic lead lanthanum zirconate titanate composition.

High-speed electro-optic modulator

A polarization transformer includes at least one plate of transparent polycrystalline material which has an optical axis oriented perpendicular to a propagation direction of incident radiation having a first polarization state. The plate includes electrodes for applying an electric field across a plane of the plate perpendicular to the propagation direction so as to provide controlled phase change such that the polarization of radiation transmitted through the polarization transformer is transformed from the first polarization state to a second polarization state. The plate in a preferred embodiment comprises a ferroelectric complex oxide such as lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) material. Such a material provides devices that have very fast response (on the order of microseconds) and low insertion loss.

Polarization transformer

In a device having a fiber-optic cables, one that is normally an input and one that is normally an out output for light transmission through the device, a first polarization sensitive deflector encompassing the normal input beam and a second polarization sensitive deflector encompassing the normal output beam is followed by a polarization interchanger that interchanges the polarization of beams traveling from the input to the output and leaves unchanged the polarization of beams traveling from the output to the input. This is, in turn, followed by a third polarization sensitive deflector encompassing the input beam and a fourth polarization sensitive deflector encompassing the output beam. Lastly, a lens having a reflector on the side opposite the input and output fibers reflects light beams from the input to the output and conversely. The deflectors encompassing the input beam are arranged to produce a deflection in one direction and the deflectors encompassing the output beam produce a deflection in another direction at least at a 45&deg; angle to the direction of the deflectors encmpassing the input beam. When light travels backwards from the normal output cable to the input cable, the two-dimensional deflections reduce the light that reach the input cable due to imperfections in the optical components, but the deflectors and interchangers are still arranged to maximize the transmission from the normal input to the output cable.

Reflective fiber-optic isolator

The invention provides a fiber-optic 2&times;2 switch using a dual-fiber 50:50 input coupler and a dual-fiber 50:50 output coupler. One fiber from each coupler makes contact to an inner transparent electrode on a planar layer of electro-optic material and the other fibers make contact to an outer transparent electrode on the layer. The electro-optic layer has its other side coated with a transparent electrode which is placed in optical contact with one end of a GRIN lens. The fibers are arranged so that the inner fibers are at conjugate points and the outer fibers also at conjugate points of the lens. The other end of the lens is coated with a mirror. Applying a voltage between either the inner or outer electrode changes the optical path length for the light from and to the fibers traveling through the material under the selected electrode causing the light from the two input fibers to be switched between the two output fibers. 2&times;N switches can be constructed by concatenating 2&times;2 switches. The switch can also be used as a modulator. A convenient fiber alignment method is described.

High-speed low-loss fiber-optic switches

There is provided a device for use with fiber-optic cables for polarization insensitive amplitude modulation of light comprising a planar electro-optic layer with a reflective conductive mirror electrode on one side and a pair of transparent conductive electrodes on the other. The transparent conductive electrodes have a small separation along a straight line. A GRIN lens has one end in optical contact with the transparent conductive electrodes with its axis located over the line separating the electrodes. An input optical fiber and an output optical fiber are placed in optical contact with the other end of the lens at points which are symmetrically displaced from the axis of the lens. Light coming from input fiber is collimated by the GRIN lens and directed to the transparent electrodes, through the electro-optic layer and to the mirror from which it is reflected and refocused by the GRIN lens onto the output fiber. Applying a voltage between any of the transparent electrodes and the reflecting electrode changes the optical path length for half the beam so that when it is refocused on the output fiber, the two halves interfere constructively of destructively, depending on the change in path length. In one version, the electro-optic layer is a PLZT ceramic plate, while in others, it is a thick or thin film. In still other versions, two or more electro-optic layers are used in series in order to reduce the voltage required for the same optical path length change. A means to eliminate residual sensitivity to polarization sensitivity is described.

High-speed polarization-insensitive electro-optic modulator

A system for aligning the optical components of a chemical analysis system in which capillaries or optical fibers are supported by a micromachined substrate. The system provides for alignment of elements of an electrophoresis system in an efficient high sampling rate capability.

A system for aligning the optical components of a chemical analysis system in which capillaries or optical fibers are supported by a micromechanied substrate. The system provides for alignment of elements of an electrophoresis system in an efficient high sampling rate capability.

System and method for molecular sample measurements

A method of fabricating a semiconductor heterostructure includes the growth of a quantum well active region that is highly lattice-mismatched relative to a substrate. A buffer layer having a thickness above a critical value is grown on the substrate whereby the stress due to a lattice constant mismatch between the buffer layer and substrate is relieved through the formation of misfit dislocations. A strained superlattice structure is grown on the buffer layer in order to terminate any upwardly-propagating dislocations. An unstrained barrier layer is subsequently grown on the superlattice structure. The fabrication method concludes with the growth of a quantum well structure on the unstrained layer wherein a lattice constant mismatch between the quantum well structure and the unstrained barrier layer is smaller than the lattice constant mismatch between the quantum well structure and the substrate. As a result, only a fraction of the stress due to the large lattice mismatch between the quantum well structure and the substrate is accommodated by coherent strain in the quantum well structure, while the remainder of the stress is relieved through the formation of misfit dislocations spatially separated from the quantum well structure.

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Newton, MA, United States of America

Paul Melman