E.i. Dupont De Nemours and Company

Other

Danisco US Inc.

Brookhaven Science Associates, Lcc

Paul Joseph Fagan

George Yanwu Li

Ronnie Ozer

Lin Wang

Zhibin Guan

Paul J Krusic

Thomas G Calvarese

Eric J Till

David Richard Corbin

Bruce Aaron Diner

Paul Gregory Bekiarian

Elisabeth Muriel Hauptman

Bhuma Rajagopalan

R Morris Bullock

Ronald James Davis

Leo Ernest Manzer

William Dean Hitz

Thomas Joseph Leck

Colin Mitchinson

Sourav Kumar Sengupta

Keith Ward Hutchenson

Kamlesh Kumar Bhatia

Carmo Joseph Pereira

F Glenn Gallagher

Wathudura Indika Namal De Silva

Janine Fan

Stuart Fergusson

Tom Tao Huang

Francis G Gallagher

Mark Allen Andrews

Pranit S Metkar

Zheng-Zheng Huang

Torren Ryan Carlson

Guangliang Gary Liu

Marcel Schlaf

Aaron Perelman

Edel Wasserman

Luis Fernando Romero Millan

Anton Shpilsky

Daniel A Slanac

David William Drew

Barbara F M Kimmich

Maria Walsh

Christina Gutierrez

Gregg Sunshine

Jacob G Dickinson

Isabel Liberis

Kenneth Mersman

Keith W Hutchenson

A process for mechanical destructuring of cellulosic biomass was developed that makes use of a short application of high compression, impact, and shearing forces. The biomass may be destructured using a specific energy input that is less than 40% of the total combustible energy of the biomass. The destructured biomass, with or without saccharification and/or in-feed glycosyl hydrolase enzymes, may be used in feed applications.

High force and high stress destructuring of cellulosic biomass

The present disclosure is directed, in a first aspect, to the use of inverting beta-xylosidase enzymes to reduce byproduct formation and increase the yield of fermentation products, as well as, in a second aspect, to the use of retaining beta-xylosidase enzymes to improve production of alkyl-beta-xylopyranoside compounds, in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation reactions.

Methods for improving the efficiency of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation reactions

Catalytic processes to produce a reaction product comprising 1-butanol by contacting a reactant comprising ethanol with a catalyst composition under suitable reaction conditions are provided. The catalyst composition may comprise a hydroxyapatite of the Formula (MM'M&#x2033;M&#x2032;&#x2033;)(PO)(OH), wherein M is Mg; M&#x2032; is Ca; M&#x2033; is Sr; M&#x2032;&#x2033; is Ba; w is any number between 0 and 1 inclusive; x is any number from 0 to less than 0.5; y is any number between 0 and 1 inclusive; z is any number between 0 and 1 inclusive; and w+x+y+z=1. Base-treated catalyst compositions may be used. Also provided are processes for contacting an initial catalyst composition comprising the hydroxyapatite with a base to produce a base-treated catalyst composition, and the base-treated catalyst compositions so obtained.

Conversion of ethanol to a reaction product comprising 1-butanol using hydroxyapatite catalysts

Furfural is produced by mixing an aqueous feedstock solution containing Csugar and/or Csugar with a heated, high boiling, water-miscible solvent, such as sulfolane, and a soluble acid catalyst. Furfural product and water are distilled off through a multistage distillation column, leaving non-volatile solvent behind. Typical furfural yields with sulfolane as the reaction solvent are about 80% at as high as 99% conversion. Also, certain by-products (e.g., humins) solubilized in the reaction solvent can be precipitated by addition of water or aqueous feedstock solution and then removed by filtration, thereby providing a convenient and effective way of removing these undesirable byproducts from the reaction mixture.

Process for the production of furfural

Furfural is produced by mixing an aqueous feedstock solution containing Csugar and/or Csugar with a heated high boiling, water-miscible solvent, such as sulfolane, and a solid acid catalyst. Furfural product and water can be distilled off, leaving non-volatile solvent behind. Furfural yields of over 70% at as high as 99% conversion have been obtained with this process with sulfolane as the reaction solvent and zeolite beta as the solid acid catalyst. Also, certain by-products (e.g., humins) solubilized in the reaction solvent can be precipitated by addition of water or aqueous feedstock solution and then removed by filtration, thereby providing a convenient and effective way of removing these undesirable byproducts from the reaction mixture.

Furfural is produced by contacting a feedstock solution containing Csugar and/or Csugar with a solid acid catalyst using reactive distillation. Both high yield and high conversion are obtained, without production of insoluble char in the reaction vessel. Degradation of furfural is minimized by its low residence time in contact with the solid acid catalyst. Higher catalyst lifetime can be achieved because the catalyst is continually washed with the refluxing aqueous solution and not sitting in high-boiling byproducts like humins, which are known to be deleterious to catalyst lifetime.

Catalytic processes to produce a reaction product comprising 2-ethylhexanol by contacting a reactant comprising 1-butanol with a catalyst composition under suitable reaction conditions are provided. The catalyst composition may comprise a hydroxyapatite of the Formula (MM'M&#x2033;M&#x2032;&#x2033;)(PO)(OH), wherein M is Mg; M&#x2032; is Ca; M&#x2033; is Sr; M&#x2032;&#x2033; is Ba; w is any number between 0 and 1 inclusive; x is any number from 0 to less than 0.5; y is any number between 0 and 1 inclusive; z is any number between 0 and 1 inclusive; and w+x+y+z=1. Base-treated catalyst compositions may be used.

Conversion of butanol to a reaction product comprising 2-ethylhexanol using hydroxyapatite catalysts

Biomass is pretreated using an organic solvent solution under alkaline conditions in the presence of elemental sulfur and optionally one or more alkylamine and/or one or more additional nucleophile to fragment and extract lignin. Pretreated biomass is further hydrolyzed with a saccharification enzyme consortium. Fermentable sugars released by saccharification may be utilized for the production of target chemicals by fermentation.

Organic solvent pretreatment of biomass to enhance enzymatic saccharification

This invention relates to a method for preparing a compound of Formula 1 wherein L, R, Rand X are as defined in the disclosure, comprising contacting a 2 pyrazoline of Formula 2 with bromine at a temperature of at least about 80&#xb0; C. (Formula 1) (Formula 2). This invention also discloses preparation of a compound of Formula 3 wherein X, Z, R, R, R, R, Rand n are as defined in the disclosure, using a compound of Formula 1a wherein Ris as defined in the disclosure, prepared by the aforesaid method for preparing a compound of Formula 1. (Formula 3) (Formula 4). 

Conversion of 2-pyrazolines to pyrazoles using bromine

Novel phosphine and phosphine oxide ligands are prepared using polymeric supports. These compounds can be easily cleaved from the support, and along with the corresponding supported compounds, used as ligands in the preparation of novel, metal-complexed catalysts.

Polymer-supported phosphorus ligands for catalysts

A method of cleaning bedding sand soiled with animal manure removes the bedding sand from an animal bedding area. An aqueous slurry of the bedding sand is made. The slurry is subjected to cyclonic action so as to separate the sand from the manure. The separated sand is then respread back into the animal bedding area for reuse. The clean bedding sand is free of organic contaminants such as manure, urine and milk. In addition, the bedding sand may contain inorganic contaminants such as clay and silt particles as well as fine particles which are undesirable in a bedding material. Processing the sand removes these inorganic contaminants and fine particles to produce a superior bedding sand for animals.

Method of cleaning soiled bedding material in barns

The present invention is related to refrigerant and lubricant compositions containing performance-enhancing additives. The performance enhancing additives are found to improve the energy efficiency and capacity of vapor compression refrigeration and air conditioning systems, which utilize hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants (e.g. HFC-134a ) and oxygenated refrigeration lubricants (e.g. POEs, PAGs and PVEs).

Refrigerant compositions comprising performance enhancing additives

This invention relates to a process for producing a mixture of levulinic acid esters and formic acid esters from biomass and olefins, and the composition prepared therefrom. This invention also relates to usage of the mixture of these esters as fuel and as fuel additives for gasoline fuel, diesel fuel, and biofuel.

Preparation of levulinic acid esters and formic acid esters from biomass and olefins

Polymer-supported phosphorus ligands for catalysis

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Wilmington, DE, United States of America

Paul Joseph Fagan