Hewlett-packard Development Company, L.p.

Paul Hubbard Ford

Paul Howard Mazurkiewicz

Troy A Farrar

Jon R Hall

A method of extracting information encoded in a product includes: determining a concentration of a non-functional amount of a chemical in a product, where the concentration corresponds to one of a plurality of possible concentration ranges, where each of the plurality of possible concentration ranges indicates different non-composition manufacturing information about the product.

Encoding information in chemical concentrations

A method of determining the geographic origin of a metal can comprise measuring a first isotope and a second isotope of the metal by high-resolution mass spectrometry; calculating a ratio of the first isotope and the second isotope; comparing the ratio to native ratios of isotopes of the metal of native samples from a plurality of geographic locations using a database; and matching the ratio to a geographic location.

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Fort Collins, CO, United States of America

Paul Hubbard Ford