Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorporated

Covidien LP

Mallinckrodt, Inc.

Pulson, Inc.

Apple Inc.

Nellcor Incorporated

Tyco Healthcare Group LP

Coviden LP

Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorpoated

Nellocr Puritan Bennett Incorporated

Paul David Mannheimer

Michael E Fein

Don Hannula

Marcia Fein, Legal Representative

Charles E Porges

Adnan I Merchant

Jeffery Lee Bleich

Russ Delonzor

Rodney P Chin

Michael Patrick O'Neil

David B Swedlow

James R Casciani

Albert E Cerussi

Stephen J Ruskewicz

Clark Raymond Baker, Jr

Joseph Coakley

Ross Flewelling

Steve L Nierlich

Mitchell Elliott Levinson

Ueyn L Block

Michael J Bernstein

Jessica A Warring

Donald E Bebout

Lee M Middleman

Thomas J Yorkey

Bradford B Chew

Bruce R Bowman

Carl Ritson

Thomas A Berson

Li Li

Darin Howard Buxbaum

Steven L Nierlich

Saeed Mohammadi

Bryan Olson

David Schloemer

Dale N Memering

Maegan K Spencer

Adam Thomas Clavelle

Jaden A Barney

Clark Baker

Ken Sawatari

Brian Richards Land

James Ochs

Keith Batchelder

Scott A Amundson

David E Goodman

Phillip S Palmer

Vivek Venugopal

Theodore Yu

Ravi K Shaga

David Swedlow

Eric T Johansson

Gilbert Hausmann

Casey V Medina

Xiyu Duan

Albert L Ollerdessen

Steven E Pav

Helen M McNamara

Christopher Chung

David Orian

Lutz Andersohn

Sankalita Saha

Michelle L Hodge

Willem A Crone

D Christopher Chung

Mai Tuyet Le

Xiao Jin

J Christopher Kilborn

Fletcher Yoder, Legal Representative

William L Shea

Jeffrey Lawrence Michels

Marc David Anker

Michael C Fein

Michael E Di Fein

A characteristic (e.g., SpO2) of a user's physiological signals can be estimated using a pulse oximeter. In some examples, inconsistent measurement of the physiological characteristic may occur despite the underlying physiological signals having quality characteristics consistent with physiologically valid signals showing a consistent cardiac signal indicative of accurate measurement of the physiological characteristic. In particular, the measurement inconsistency may be associated with a spatially localized region. Such measurement inconsistency may result in an incorrect, low estimate of the physiological characteristic relative to the true characteristic (e.g., the SpO2 estimate may skew lower than the true SpO2). An algorithm may be used to detect spatially localized measurement inconsistency and to mitigate or reduce its effect to improve the accuracy of the estimate of the physiological characteristic.

System and method for robust pulse oximetry using image reconstruction

Robust estimation of a characteristic of a user's physiological signals can be achieved by filtering or classifying samples. Rather than estimating the characteristic of the user's physiological signals based on each sample at a first wavelength and a second wavelength, a robust system and method can, in some examples, estimate the characteristic using samples at the first wavelength and the second wavelength that meet one or more criteria and filter out samples that fail to meet the one or more criteria. In some examples, the system and method can weight samples based on the one or more criteria, and estimate the characteristic using the weighted samples. Samples failing to meet the one or more criteria can be given less weight or no weight in the estimation. The one or more criteria can include a criterion based on at least the physiological signal at a third wavelength.

System and method for robust pulse oximetry

A measurement engine of a wearable electronic device may compensate for wavelength variations of light emitted as part of blood-oxygen saturation measurements. In some cases, determining an estimated blood-oxygen saturation value is based at least partially on temperature data that may be used to compensate for temperature-based wavelength variations of the emitted light, drive current data that may be used to compensate for drive-current-based wavelength variations of the emitted light, and/or calibration information that may be used to compensate for manufacturing variability across different light emitters. In various embodiments, the measurement engine may use temperature data, the drive current data, and/or calibration information in a variety of ways to determine estimated blood-oxygen saturation values, including using lookup tables or calibration curves, applying functions, and the like.

Correcting for emitted light wavelength variation in blood-oxygen saturation measurements at wearable electronic device

Estimation of a characteristic of a user's physiological signals can be improved using one or more calibration relationships that may be dependent on a characteristic of the optical sensor. For example, different calibration relationships can be used that are dependent on a spatial characteristic and/or that are dependent on a wavelength characteristic of the light emitting component(s) of the respective emitter of a channel. In some examples, a unique calibration relationship can be used for each channel. In some examples, a common calibration relationship can be used for multiple channels with shared distance and/or wavelength characteristics. Utilizing distance-dependent and/or wavelength-dependent calibration relationships can improve robustness of pulse oximetry measurements.

System and method for robust pulse oximetry using asymmetric distance-dependent calibration

A wearable electronic device (e.g., an electronic watch) may detect and analyze one or more sensing signals corresponding to light detected by the device to determine whether the device is in a sensing state (e.g., the device is within a maximum sensing distance of a user). If the wearable electronic device is in the sensing state, the device may determine one or more physiological parameters from the same signals used to determine whether the device is in the sensing state.

Optical sensor for skin-contact detection and physiological parameter measurement at wearable electronic device

A wearable device is described. The wearable device includes a housing having a back cover, and an optical mask on first portions of the back cover. The back cover includes a set of windows, with a first subset of windows in the set of windows being defined by an absence of the optical mask on second portions of the back cover, and a second subset of windows in the set of windows being inset in a set of openings in the back cover. An optical barrier surrounds each window in the second subset of windows. A set of light emitters is configured to emit light through at least some of the windows in the set of windows. A set of light detectors is configured to receive light through at least some of the windows in the set of windows.

Physiological monitoring system for measuring oxygen saturation

An integrated window for a photosensor for use in an electronic device has first and second transparent regions separated by an opaque region. The first transparent region allows a transmitter to emit light out of the housing of the electronic device and the second transparent region allows a receiver to receive light through the housing. The opaque region is disposed between the first and second transparent regions to isolate them from one another such that the transmitted light is isolated from the received light.

Sensor window with integrated isolation feature

Described herein are systems and methods of guiding a user to achieve musculoskeletal counterpulsation. A method may include receiving a cardiovascular cycle signal from a first sensor; determining a heart rate of the user based on the cardiovascular cycle signal; receiving a rhythmic musculoskeletal activity timing signal from a second sensor; determining an actual musculoskeletal activity cycle (MSKC) to cardiovascular cycle (CC) timing relationship; comparing the actual MSKC to CC timing relationship to a target MSKC to CC timing relationship; providing a recurrent prompt to the user as a timing indication for performance of a rhythmic musculoskeletal activity to guide the user to achieve a musculoskeletal activity cycle rate (MSKR) that approaches the target MSKC to CC timing relationship; and altering a feature of the recurrent prompt based on a determined alignment between the actual MSKC to CC timing relationship and the target MSKC to CC timing relationship.

Systems and methods for coordinating musculoskeletal and cardiovascular or cerebrovascular hemodynamics

Described herein are systems and methods for favorably coordinating a timing relationship between a musculoskeletal activity cycle and a cardiac cycle of a user. A method may include repetitively detecting a signal that correlates to a blood volume in the user; determining an actual value of the signal that varies with the timing relationship; computing a trend of the actual value of the signal; and adjusting the movement guidance based on the trend of the actual value. A system may include a prompt device configured to provide recurrently a movement guidance to the user for guiding performance of the rhythmic musculoskeletal activity; a sensor configured to provide a signal that correlates to a blood volume in the user; and a processor configured to determine an actual value of the signal that varies with the timing relationship and to adjust the movement guidance based on the trend of the actual value.

Systems and methods for coordinating musculoskeletal and cardiovascular hemodynamics

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Danville, CA, United States of America

Paul David Mannheimer