Ethyl Corporation

Paul D Seemuth

Gordon G Knapp

Marguerite S Baylerian

Macrocyclic ring opening reaction. The 2-nitro cycloalkan-1-ones and similar 2-nitro heterocyclic compounds are ring opened by reduction of the carbonyl oxygen with an anionic species such as NaBH.sub.4. An .alpha.,.omega.-nitro alcohol is recovered.

Ring opening of cyclic nitro ketones

Compounds that are themselves effective cetane improvers in diesel fuel but are considered too explosion sensitive for safe handling can be rendered relatively nonsensitive by blending with nitric acid esters of bicyclic or tricyclic alcohols containing a four-membered or five-membered ring and the resulting blend is an effective cetane improver. An example is a 50-50 blend of 2-methyl-2-nitropropyl nitrate, a shock-sensitive compound, with 5,6-cyclopenteno-2-norbornyl nitrate to give a relatively insensitive, but very effective cetane improver.

Cetane improver composition

Cetane number of diesel fuel is increased by the addition of a tetrahydro-2,5-furandimethanol dinitrate.

Diesel fuel composition

A mixture of aliphatic primary monohydric alcohol and alkoxyalkanol is continuously nitrated by reaction with a nitric-sulfuric acid mixture at -10.degree. to 15.degree. C. to yield an organic nitrate mixture containing substantial amounts of alkoxyalkyl nitrate useful as a cetane improver in diesel fuel.

Nitration process

Zeolite-ruthenium catalysts in which the ruthenium is in the form of a cation are very effective in catalyzing the hydrogenation of a broad range of organic compounds.

Hydrogenation process using cationic ruthenium-containing zeolite

Cetane rating of diesel fuel is increased by adding a dioxane nitrate such as m-dioxan-5-ol nitrate and 1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol nitrate.

Diesel fuel cetane improver

Cetane number of diesel fuel is increased by the addition of a 4-morpholine ethanol nitrate.

The cetane number of diesel fuel is increased by the addition of a tetrahydropyranol nitrate ester, e.g. tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol nitrate.

The cetane rating of diesel fuel, both hydrocarbon and alcohol, is increased by adding a 1-alkylpiperidinol nitrate ester, e.g. 1-methyl-3 or 4-piperidinol nitrate.

The cetane rating of diesel fuel is increased by the addition of a small but effective amount of a tetrahydrofurandiol dinitrate.

Process for preparing an aldehyde by hydrolysis of a monohalide and a dihalide, thereby obtaining a mixture of an alcohol and an aldehyde, and further reacting said mixture with manganese dioxide to convert said alcohol to said aldehyde.

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Oak Park, MI, United States of America

Paul D Seemuth