Imperial Chemical Industries Limited

T. I. Domestic Appliances Limited

Patrick J Denny

Peter J Carnell

Peter Wood

Brian Peter Williams

Cathy Anne Woodroffe

Martyn H Stacey

David G Shipley

David L Harrison

Alan E Thomas

Donald Anderson Crooks

Robert Robertson

Absorbents

Agglomerates containing oxide, hydroxides, carbonates and/or basic carbonates of copper, and zinc and/or another element such as aluminium or silicon, are useful for removal of sulphur compounds from fluids, especially under non-reducing conditions. The agglomerates have surface area above 80 m.sup.2.g.sup.-1 and a calcined density below 1.5 g.cm.sup.-3. After ignition, the cupric oxide plus zinc oxide (if any) content of the agglomerates is at least 70% w/w. The proportion of the copper compound is such that the copper atoms constitute 30-97% of the total of the copper, zinc, and said other element atoms in the agglomerates.

Agglomerate absorbents comprising copper and zinc useful for sulphur

The absorption capacity of a desulphurizing absorbent bed is increased by temporarily increasing the temperature of the absorbent bed by at least 50.degree. C. from the normal operating temperature to a maximum temperature not in an excess of 500.degree. C.

Desulphurization

Agglomerates containing oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and/or basic carbonates of copper, and zinc and/or another element such as aluminium or silicon, are useful for removal of sulphur compounds from fluids, especially under non-reducing conditions. The agglomerates have surface area above 80 m.sup.2.g.sup.-1 and a calcined density below 1.5 g.cm.sup.-3. After ignition, the cupric oxide plus zinc oxide (if any) content of the agglomerates is at least 70% w/w. The proporation of the copper compound is such that the copper atoms constitute 30-97% of the total of the copper, zinc, and said other element atoms in the agglomerates.

Sulphur compounds removal

Desulphurization process for feedstocks in which the sulphur compounds contained therein are first separated into a concentrate stream which is then hydro-desulphurized, and the resulting hydrogen suphide removed using conventional sulphur removal techniques. The initial separation is preferably effected using membrane separation or temperature swing absorption processes.

Desulphurisation using solid sorbents

Low temperature desulphurization process using a bed of zinc oxide-containing absorbent in which the water content within the bed is temporarily increased, thereby increasing the sulphur absorption capacity of the absorbent.

Desulphurization of saturated or near saturated gaseous hydrocarbon stream is effected using a bed of a particulate adsorbent comprising zinc oxide. Condensation of the higher boiling components is avoided by heating the raw gas to a temperature at least 10.degree. C. above its dew point. This heating is effected by heat exchange with the heated desulphurized gas and by heat exchange with the combustion products of a minor part stream taken from the raw gas and/or from the desulphurized product gas stream. The absorbent particles preferably have a high BET surface area and pore volume.

Purification of a hydrocarbon mixture

Carbon dioxide containing gas streams are desulphurised at below 100.degree. C. using high surface area, high porosity, agglomerates containing copper oxide, and zinc oxide and/or an oxide of another element such as aluminium.

Agglomerates containing oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and/or basic carbonates of copper, and zinc and/or another element such as aluminum or silicon, are useful for removal of sulphur compounds from fluids, especially under non-reducing conditions. The agglomerates have surface area above 80 m.sup.2.g.sup.-1 and a calcined density below 1.5 g.cm.sup.-3. After ignition, the cupric oxide plus zinc oxide (if any) content of the agglomerates is at least 70% w/w. The proportion of the copper compound is such that the copper atoms constitute 30-97% of the total of the copper, zinc, and said other element atoms in the agglomerates.

Agglomerate absorbents comprising copper and zinc for sulphur compounds

Fluid streams, particularly natural gas, are desulphurized by passage over a bed of a particulate absorbent containing zinc oxide at below 120.degree. C. In order to increase the absorption capacity of the absorbent, the water and temperature of the fluid stream is controlled so that the stream both entering and leaving the absorbent bed has a degree of saturation of at least 30%, but does not contain a separate liquid aqueous phase.

Desulphurization of natural gas is effected using a bed of particulate adsorbent comprising zinc oxide at below 30.degree. C. before molecular sieve drying of the gas. The absorbent particles preferably have a high BET surface area and pore volume.

Gas purification

A catalyst bed comprising synthetic inorganic polycrystalline fibres, especially alumina or zirconia, having a BET surface area of 5 to 200 m.sup.2 /g and a bulk density of 0.01 to 0.2 g/cc used to support 0.01% to 0.5% by weight of a Group 8 metal, e.g., platinum; used for the catalytic oxidation of a vaporous fuel such as butane in devices such as flameless heaters for use in caravans, hatcheries, greenhouses, etc.

Catalyst bed for use in a catalytic flameless heater device

A coating composition suitable for application to the internal surfaces of ovens to render these self cleaning comprising a milled self-matting devitrifying enamel frit and antimony trioxide or a precursor thereof, preferably together with an oxidation catalyst comprising an oxide of copper, manganese or cobalt. The coating adheres directly to metal surfaces and avoids the necessity for first applying a ground coat.

Catalytic coating composition and a method for making a coated surface

A self-cleaning catalytic coating for cooking oven walls comprises a mutually sintered matrix of hard catalyst particles and binder particles. The coating is preferably made by forming large hard catalyst particles, such as compressed pellets, milling them to the required size range, typically averaging above 2 microns, then incorporating them with a binder and applying the mixture to a substrate.

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Darlington, United Kingdom

Patrick J Denny