Gm Global Technolgoy Operations, Inc.

Patrick Frost

Patricia M Laskowsky

Brian James Koch

Kurt M Johnson

Manish Sinha

Damon R Frisch

Rory B Fraga

Daniel I Harris

John E Novak

Brett B Stawinski

Bruce Jeffrey Clingerman

Robert Charles Baraszu

Daniel C Di Fiore

Todd P Lindemann

Jason R Kolodziej

Alexander K Suttman

Chandra S Namuduri

Mark William Verbrugge

Suresh Gopalakrishnan

Jun-Mo Kang

Balasubramanian Lakshmanan

Charles W Wampler, Ii

Abdullah Basar Alp

Gary M Robb

Darrell W Burleigh

Raghunathan K

Victor W Logan

Garrett M Seeman

Seth E Lerner

Joon Hwang

Ralf Senner

Kiran Mallavarapu

Joseph Nicholas Lovria

Mohamed Kamel

Daniel R Baker

Ashley McAllister

Daniel R Brouns

Eugenie T Abboud

Mark D Miller

An example vehicle battery control system includes an electric motor, a vehicle battery pack configured to supply power to the electric motor, the vehicle battery pack including multiple battery modules each including multiple rechargeable battery cells, and a vehicle control module configured to measure an output current of the vehicle battery pack, estimate a state of charge of the vehicle battery pack using a coulomb counter, and for each of the multiple battery modules, measure an output voltage of the battery module, determine a state of charge shifting bias value for the battery module, estimate an individual state of charge of the battery module by applying the state of charge shifting bias value to the state of charge of the vehicle battery pack, and control at least one of a charging current and a discharging current according to the individual state of charge of the battery module.

State of charge control system for vehicle battery modules

A number of variations include a method, which may include using at least a segment of voltage-based Battery State Estimation data, and using real-time linear regression, which may be a method of estimating future behavior of a system based on current and previous data points, to provide a robust and fast-adapting impedance response approximator. Linear regression may be performed by forming an RC circuit which is 'equivalent' to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data and processing the runtime values of that RC circuit using any number of known real-time linear regression algorithms including, but not limited, to a weighted recursive least squares (WRLS), Kalman filter or other means.

State of charge estimator and methods of making and using the same

System and methods for estimating a relationship between a SOC and an OCV of a battery system included in a vehicle are presented. In certain embodiments, an initial relationship between an open circuit voltage ('OCV') and a state of charge ('SOC') of a cell of the battery system may be determined at a beginning of life of the cell. Changes in one or more stoichiometric points of a half-cell of the cell may be determined as the cell ages. Based on the determined stoichiometric point changes of the half-cell, an initial relationship between the OCV and the SOC of the cell may be adjusted to generate an updated relationship between the OCV and the SOC of the cell.

Systems and methods for estimating battery system parameters

A method of adjusting battery control software for a battery having a plurality of battery sections includes connecting the battery to a charging system and a discharging system. A charging operation or a discharging operation is then initiated while monitoring a voltage response of each battery segment during the charging operation or the discharging operation. The voltage response is then correlated to a calibration database for selecting a control algorithm for each battery segment from the calibration database.

Method for determining characteristics of battery segments for operating a battery pack with modules of different chemical makeup field

A system for optimizing life of a battery pack in a plug-in vehicle includes sensors for measuring battery performance data, including an open-circuit voltage, charging current, and/or temperature of the battery pack, a GPS receiver, a user interface, and a controller. The controller executes a method to monitor degradation of the battery pack using the performance data, and determines driving and charging histories for an operator of the vehicle using the measured battery performance data and a position signal from the GPS receiver. The histories identify the days, hours, and locations at which the operator has driven the vehicle and charged the battery pack. The controller identifies a state of charge data bin missing performance data or containing old performance data. The controller then controls a charging operation of the battery pack via a charging control signal, and records the measured battery performance data for the identified SOC data bin.

Adaptive system and method for optimizing battery life in a plug-in vehicle

A method for dynamically adjusting a battery current limit in a system having a battery pack includes determining a battery pack current as a charge current flowing into or a discharge current flowing from the battery pack, and also calculating a time-windowed average current for each of the charge current, the discharge current, and an RMS current of the battery pack. The battery current limit may be dynamically adjusted when any or all of the calculated time-windowed averages exceeds a corresponding calibrated control threshold. The battery current limit is a window-specific current limit that is greater than the calibrated control threshold and less than a static/fixed current limit for the battery pack. A system includes the battery pack, a sensor operable for measuring a current inflow/outflow to/from the battery pack, and a controller programmed to dynamically adjust the battery current limit using the above method.

Dynamic adjustment of battery current limits based on usage

A method for estimating battery power capability in a torque-generating system having a battery pack with battery cells includes calculating a voltage spread as a difference between an average and minimum cell voltage of the battery pack. The method also includes increasing a calibrated voltage control limit by an offset that is based on a magnitude of the voltage spread, doing so when the minimum cell voltage is less than the control limit, and recording the offset in a memory location referenced by pack operating conditions. Further, the power capability is estimated using the recorded offset when the battery pack operates under conditions that are the same as the operating conditions, and then executing a control action of the system using the estimated power capability. A torque-generating system includes the battery pack, an electric machine, and a controller programmed to execute the above-described method.

Estimation of battery power capability in a torque-generating system

System and methods for estimating a future power capability of a battery system included in a vehicle are presented. In some embodiments, a method for estimating a future power capability of a battery system may include determining an initial battery voltage when the battery operates at a current limit and estimating a future battery current at a first time when the battery operates at the associated voltage limit based on the initial battery current. A future battery voltage at the first time when the battery operates at the associated current limit may be determined based on the initial battery voltage. An estimated voltage-limited power capability of the battery at the first time may be determined based on the future battery current and an estimated current-limited power capability of the battery at the first time may be determined based on the future battery voltage.

Systems and methods for estimating battery system power capability

System and methods for estimating a capacity of a battery system and/or a constituent cell and/or pack included in a vehicle are presented. In certain embodiments, a method for estimating a capacity of a battery system may include determining voltage-based state of charge ('SOC') data of a pack of the battery system based on measured pack voltage information and a relationship between an open circuit voltage ('OCV') and the SOC of the pack of at a beginning of life of the pack. Beginning of life SOC data of the pack may be determined based on coulomb counting measurements, and a ratio may be determined based on the beginning of life SOC data of the pack and the voltage-based SOC data of the pack. An estimated present capacity of the pack may be determined based on the beginning of life capacity of the pack and the ratio.

Battery system capacity estimation systems and methods

A fuel cell system that determines the phase transition from water to gas through a bleed/drain valve in a water separation device. The fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack having an anode side and a cathode side. An injector injects hydrogen gas into the anode side of the fuel cell stack. The water separation device receives an anode exhaust gas from the anode side of the fuel cell stack, where the water separation device includes a water holding reservoir. A controller controls the injector and the bleed/drain valve and determines when the bleed/drain valve transitions from draining water to bleeding the anode exhaust gas by comparing the flow rate through the water separation device and the flow rate through the injector.

Method for detecting orifice flow phase transition in a pressure-controlled anode

System and methods for estimating a capacity of a battery are presented. A measure of data skewness may be calculated from a battery system terminal voltage measurement. Inflection points in the data skewness of the terminal voltage measurement may align with transition points associated with a battery system. These transitions points may be associated with known SOCs determined from testing and/or characterization of the battery system. Using the detected transitions and associated SOCs and an indication of an accumulated charge provided to/from the battery between the transitions, an estimated capacity of the battery system may be determined.

Systems and methods for estimating battery pack capacity

A system for use with a battery and sensors operable for measuring battery data includes an interactive user interface and a controller programmed with battery degradation monitoring logic for estimating a state of the battery. As part of a method, the controller identifies data bins for which measured state of charge range-based battery performance data is missing or dated/stale, and automatically prompts an operator to execute an assigned task corresponding to the identified data bins. The controller records the battery performance data for the identified data bins upon completion of the assigned task, estimates the state of the battery using the recorded battery performance data and the battery degradation monitoring logic, and executes a control action with respect to the system using the estimated state. A virtual or actual reward feature may be displayed in response to completion of the assigned task.

System and method for monitoring battery degradation

Adaptive estimation techniques to create a battery state estimator to estimate power capabilities of the battery pack in a vehicle. The estimator adaptively updates circuit model parameters used to calculate the voltage states of the ECM of a battery pack. The adaptive estimation techniques may also be used to calculate a solid-state diffusion voltage effects within the battery pack. The adaptive estimator is used to increase robustness of the calculation to sensor noise, modeling error, and battery pack degradation.

Battery state-of-charge estimation for hybrid and electric vehicles using extended kalman filter techniques

System and methods for estimating a capacity of a battery are presented. In certain embodiments, charge and discharge current throughput data may be separately accumulated during operation of a battery system (e.g., during a charge sustaining operation of vehicle associated with the battery system). Charge and discharge voltage-based state of charge movement data may be further separately accumulated. Upon accumulating sufficient data, estimated charge and discharge battery capacities may be determined based on the accumulated data.

Systems and methods for estimating battery pack capacity during charge sustaining use

System and methods for determining battery system power capability in a vehicle are presented. Peak power capability estimation systems and methods disclosed herein may compensate regressed parameters in a battery system circuit model for an effect of current magnitude. Utilizing the disclosed methods for accurately estimating peak power capability of a battery system may provide for, among other things, improved battery system performance modeling and/or improved battery system control and management decisions.

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Berkley, MI, United States of America

Patrick Frost