Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC

Parag Nandan Paul

Edgars Sedols

Sudin Bhat

Gjorgji Gjeorgjievski

Bias correcting system for small number estimators. A computer system includes a distinct value estimator configured to estimate a number of distinct values in a data set. The computer system includes a bias table for the estimator. The bias table includes entries with values corresponding to biases caused by the distinct value estimator correlated to values corresponding to numbers estimated. The entries in the table are optimized by having a set of entries with an optimized number of biases in the entries. The biases in the entries are associated with predetermined confidence intervals. The system includes a bias corrector configured to correct the number of distinct values in the multiset data estimated by the distinct value estimator set using values from the bias table to produce a corrected value. The system includes a user interface coupled to the bias corrector configured to output the corrected value to a user.

Low cardinality bias correction system

A method for testing a user interface includes determining states and state transitions associated with the user interface. A first plurality of states and a first plurality of state transitions of the user interface may be explored. A subset of a second plurality of states and a second plurality of state transitions of the user interface may also be explored. Paths that lead to cycles within the subset of the second plurality of states and the second plurality of state transitions may be penalized.

Reducing likelihood of cycles in user interface testing

A method for optimizing memory usage for a hyperloglog (HLL) estimator is disclosed. When a multiset is applied to an HLL estimator, a sparse representation of a sketch may be created. The sparse representation may be sorted whenever a total number of buckets in the sparse representation is evenly divisible by a sorting threshold and is also less than a transition threshold. The sparse representation may be converted to a dense representation when the number of buckets in the sparse representation reaches the transition threshold.

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Redmond, WA, United States of America

Parag Nandan Paul