Eni S.p.a.

Enitecnologie S.p.a.

Versalis S.p.a.

Other

Institut Francais Du Pe'trole

Enichem S.p.a

Polimeri Europa S.p.a.

Ifp Energies Nouvelles

Paolo Pollesel

Alberto Renato De Angelis

Giuseppe Bellussi

Carlo Perego

Thomas Paul Lockhart

Andrea Bartolini

Rodolfo Iezzi

Giacomo Fernando Rispoli

Alessandro Del Seppia

Massimo Romagnoli

Andrea Amoroso

Claudia Prati

Giulio Manzini

Ugo Romano

Maria Angela Mantegazza

Stefano Peratello

Renato Paludetto

Stefano Rossini

Caterina Rizzo

Massimo Soprani

Sandra Cobianco

Gastone Del Piero

Giulio Assanelli

Ugo Cornaro

Andrea Tasso

Emilio Sentimenti

Mauro Palazzina

Alberto Landoni

Michele Checchin

Roberto Scattolin

Marcello Milli

Paul Dominique Oudenne

Daniele Molinari

Sergio Sgorlon

Giuseppe Guadalupi

The present invention relates to a catalytic composition which comprises microspheroidal alumina and an active component containing a mixture comprising Gallium and/or Gallium oxides, Tin and/or Tin oxides, a quantity ranging from 1 ppm to 500 ppm with respect to the total weight of the catalytic composition of platinum and/or platinum oxides, and oxides of alkaline and/or alkaline earth metals.

Catalytic composition and process for the dehydrogenation of butenes or mixtures of butanes and butenes to give 1,3-butadiene

The invention relates to an integrated process for the production of fuel components starting from materials of a biological origin which comprises: (A) transformation of glycerine into an alkoxy-propanediol having formula RO&#x2014;CH&#x2014;CHOH&#x2014;CHOH, wherein R is a linear or branched C-Calkyl, (B) transformation of glycerine into 1,2-propanediol CH&#x2014;CHOH&#x2014;CHOH, (C) dehydration of the 1,2-propanediol obtained in (B) to propionic aldehyde, (D) reaction of part of the propionic aldehyde obtained in (C) with the alkoxy-propanediol having formula RO&#x2014;CH&#x2014;CHOH&#x2014;CHOH obtained in (A) to give an acetal having formula (a) wherein R is a linear or branched C-Calkyl, (E) transformation of part of the propionic aldehyde obtained in (C) to a propionate having formula CH&#x2014;CH&#x2014;COOR', wherein R&#x2032; is a linear or branched C-Calkyl. Particular components for gasolines and/or diesel are also described.

Integrated process for the preparation of compounds useful as fuel components

The present invention relates to a dehydrogenation process starting from reagents selected from single butenes, or mixtures thereof, or mixtures of butenes with butanes, to give 1-3 butadiene using catalytic composition of microspheroidal alumina and an active component containing a mixture comprising Gallium and/or Gallium oxides, Tin and/or Tin oxides, a quantity ranging from 1 ppm to 500 ppm with respect to the total weight of the catalytic composition of platinum and/or platinum oxides, and oxides of alkaline and/or alkaline earth metals.

The invention relates to a method for revamping a conventional refinery of mineral oils into a biorefinery, characterized by a production scheme which allows the treatment of raw materials of a biological origin (vegetable oils, animal fats, exhausted cooking oils) for the production of biofuels, prevalently high-quality biodiesel. This method allows the re-use of existing plants, allowing, in particular, the revamping of a refinery containing a system comprising two hydrodesulfurization units, Uand U, into a biorefinery containing a production unit of hydrocarbon fractions from mixtures of a biological origin containing fatty acid esters by means of their hydrodeoxygenation and isomerization, wherein each of the hydrodesulfurization units Uand Ucomprises: The operative configuration obtained with the method, object of the present invention, also leads to a substantial reduction in emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, with respect to the original operative mode. The invention also relates to the transformation unit of mixtures of a biological origin obtained with said conversion method and particularly hydrodeoxygenation and isomerization processes.

Method for revamping a conventional mineral oils refinery to a biorefinery

The invention relates to a method for revamping a conventional refinery of mineral oils into a biorefinery, characterized by a production scheme which allows the treatment of raw materials of a biological origin (vegetable oils, animal fats, exhausted cooking oils) for the production of biofuels, prevalently high-quality biodiesel. This method allows the re-use of existing plants, allowing, in particular, the revamping of a refinery containing a system comprising two hydrodesulfurization units, Uand U, into a biorefinery containing a production unit of hydrocarbon fractions from mixtures of a biological origin containing fatty acid esters by means of their hydrodeoxygenation and isomerization, wherein each of the hydrodesulfurization units Uand Ucomprises: a hydrodesulfurization reactor, (A) for the unit Uand (A) for the unit U, wherein said reactor contains a hydrodesulfurization catalyst; one or more heat exchangers between the feedstock and effluent of the reactor; a heating system of the feedstock upstream of the reactor; an acid gas treatment unit downstream of the reactor, containing an absorbent (B) for H2S, said unit being called Tin the unit Uand Tin the unit U, and wherein said method comprises: installing a line L between the units Uand Uwhich connects them in series; installing a recycling line of the product for the unit Uand possibly for the unit U, substituting the hydrodesulfurization catalyst in the reactor Awith a hydrodeoxygenation catalyst; substituting the hydrodesulfurization catalyst in the reactor Awith an isomerization catalyst; installing a y-pass line X of the acid gas treatment unit Tof the unit U; substituting the absorbent (B) in the acid gas treatment unit Twith a specific absorbent for C02 and H2S. The operative configuration obtained with the method, object of the present invention, also leads to a substantial reduction in emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, with respect to the original operative mode. The invention also relates to the transformation unit of mixtures of a biological origin obtained with said conversion method and particularly hydrodeoxygenation and isomerization processes.

A catalytic system characterized in that it comprises: a first catalyst, having a hydrogenating function, consisting of solid particles of which at least 95% by volume having an equivalent diameter smaller than 20 &#x3bc;m, containing one or more sulfides of metals of group VI and/or VIII B, possibly prepared starting from an oil-soluble precursor of the same; and a second catalyst, having a cracking function, consisting of solid particles of which at least 90% by volume having an equivalent diameter larger than 5 &#x3bc;m and smaller than 5 mm, containing an amorphous silico-aluminate and/or a crystalline silico-aluminate and/or an alumina, the equivalent average diameter of the solid particles of the second catalyst being greater than the equivalent average diameter of the solid particles of the first catalyst. Said catalytic system can be used in a process for the hydroconversion of heavy oils which comprises sending the heavy oil to a hydroprocessing step carried out in one or more slurry reactors, in the presence of hydrogen or a mixture of hydrogen and HS, obtaining a stream of products in vapor or liquid-vapor phase, and extracting at the bottom, in continuous or discontinuous, a liquid stream containing non-converted products together with the two catalysts of said catalytic system, said liquid stream extracted then being separated into a clarified primary stream containing the first catalyst, which is at least partially recycled to the hydroprocessing step, and a stream rich in the second catalyst, which is regenerated in a regeneration step and at least partially recycled to the hydroprocessing step.

Catalytic system and process for the total hydroconversion of heavy oils

A process for recovering metals from a stream containing hydrocarbons and carbonaceous residues comprising sending the stream for extraction by mixing the stream with a hydrophilizing agent to remove the hydrophobic components of the stream, sending the mixture of the stream and hydrophilizing agent for separation, separating a liquid phase containing most of the hydrophilizing agent and hydrocarbons dissolved from a solid phase, sending the separated solid phase for leaching with an alkaline solution in the presence of air and/or oxygen, sending the leached mixture for separation, and separating the solid residue from the liquor.

Process for recovering metals from a stream rich in hydrocarbons and carbonaceous residues

A process for recovering metals from a stream rich in hydrocarbons and carbonaceous residues by means of a treatment section, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: sending said stream to a primary treatment, effected in one or more steps, wherein said stream is treated in the presence of a fluxant agent in a suitable apparatus, at a temperature ranging from 80 to 180&#xb0; C., preferably from 100 to 160&#xb0; C., and subjected to liquid/solid separation in order to obtain a clarified product essentially consisting of liquids and a cake (oilcake); possibly subjecting the separated cake to drying, in order to remove the hydrocarbon component having a boiling point lower than a temperature ranging from 300 to 350&#xb0; C. from the cake; sending the cake, possibly dried, to a secondary thermal treatment comprising: a flameless pyrolysis of the cake effected between 400 and 800&#xb0; C., preferably between 500 and 670&#xb0; C.; an oxidation of the pyrolysis residue effected in an oxidizing environment and at temperatures ranging from 400 to 800&#xb0; C., preferably from 500 to 700&#xb0; C.

Process for maintaining the stability of performances of a catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch reaction, performed in a slurry bubble column reactor under a triphase system which comprises gradually increasing the P/Pratio and the P/Z ratio, during the start-up phase, with Z=&#xb7;(T/T)&#xb7;efrom 0.4 to 0.8, for a period of time not shorter than 100-150 hrs and not longer than 200-300 hours and, at the end of the start-up phase, maintaining the P/Pand P/Z ratios substantially equal to or lower than 0.8.

Process for stabilizing the performances of a catalyst for Fischer Tropsch reaction

The mercaptans R&#x2014;SH contained in a hydrocarbon stream are oxidized to the corresponding (di)sulfides by means of a redox system which comprises trivalent iron and a heteropolyacid which allows the complete reoxidation of the reduced iron also with air.

Process for the removal by oxidation, of mercaptans contained in hydrocarbons

Process for the removal in continuous of hydrogen sulfide from gaseous streams containing it, comprising: a) putting a gas containing HS in contact with an oxidizing acid aqueous solution of ferric nitrate and containing a heteropolyacid having redox properties; b) filtrating and separating the sulfur produced by the redox reaction; c) oxidizing the ferrous nitrate to ferric nitrate with air; d) recycling the solution containing ferric nitrate and heteropolyacid to the oxidation step (a); e) subjecting the gaseous stream leaving the oxidation reactor (c) to washing with the reduced solution; and f) discharging the gaseous stream.

Process for the continuous removal of hydrogen sulfide from gaseous streams

Process for the disposal of sulfur in the liquid state which comprises: a) transforming elemental sulfur into sulfanes having the general formula HS, wherein n is a number from 1 to 7; b) optionally mixing elemental sulfur in powder form with the liquid sulfanes, up to such a concentration as to guarantee the pumpability of the mixture; c) injecting the sulfanes liquid at room temperature into geological formations having a temperature lower than 150&#xb0; C.

Process for the disposal of sulfur in the form of compounds liquid at room temperature

Hydrogen sulfide is oxidized to sulfur by means of treatment with an aqueous acid solution containing trivalent iron and a hetero polyacid having formula (I): HXVMO; or a sole hetero polyacid having formula (II): HMeMO; wherein the symbols X, M Me n and y are specified in the text. At the end of the oxidation, the solution is treated with gas containing oxygen to re-oxidize the reduced metal.

Process for the removal of hydrogen sulfide, by means of its oxidation in the presence of hetero polyacids

Process for the production of sulfur, obtained in pure form, and possibly easily disposable even at ambient temperature, starting from hydrogen sulphide contained in natural gas, which includes: a) oxidizing a portion of hydrogen sulphide to sulfur dioxide; b) dissolving in water the sulfur dioxide obtained in step (a); c) carrying out the reaction (I): 2HS+SO&#x2192;3S+2HO (I) making the remaining hydrogen sulphide to react with the solution prepared in step (b); and d) using the thus obtained sulfur suspension for the production sulfur or, alternatively, to use it for the disposal of the sulfur itself in a site reserved for such purpose.

Process for the production of sulfur, starting from the hydrogen sulphide contained in the natural gas, or in the associated gas and possible disposal of the thus obtained sulfur

Process for the regeneration of exhausted catalysts, containing one or more calcium aluminates, for steam cracking reactions, comprising treating said exhausted catalysts in a stream of water vapour at a temperature ranging from 700 to 950&#xb0; C., preferably from 720 to 850&#xb0; C., and at a pressure ranging from 0.5 to 2 atm.

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San Donato Milanese, Italy

Paolo Pollesel