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Distributed transactions are performed over a collection of servers operating as replicas of a data set, where a successful transaction involves meeting a quorum count of replicas that locally commit the transaction. However, performance constraints of data sets and consuming applications may vary (e.g., sensitivity to latency, scalability, and/or consistency), and the performance characteristics of the server set may be partly determined by the transactional commitment and quorum selection. The distributed transaction may be applied by designating the replicas as a set of followers and a leader that initiates the transaction and receives acknowledgments of local commits by each follower. On condition of the acknowledgments meeting a quorum count for the data set according to the performance characteristics of the application, the leader locally commits the transaction and delivers a result. The transaction may also be applied over collections of replica sets using a second-level quorum to achieve nested consensus.

Resource-governed protocol and runtime for distributed databases with consistency models

Partitions are enabled to be merged in storage device of distributed database systems. A request to merge a plurality of source partitions into a merged partition is received. Each source partition stores a plurality of data items having corresponding source global identifiers and corresponding source local identifiers. The data items, with corresponding metadata, are appended from the source partitions to an intermediate storage structure in an order defined by the source local identifiers. Target global identifiers and target local identifiers are generated for each of the data items in the intermediate storage structure. The copied data items are flushed from the intermediate storage structure to the merged partition in an order defined by the target global identifiers. The source partitions and intermediate storage structure may then be purged of data, removed, and/or reused for further storage needs.

Distributed database systems partition merge

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