Hitachi, Ltd.

Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, LLC

Hitachi Automotive Engineering Co., Ltd.

Hitachi Automotive Eng. Co., Ltd.

Hitachi Automotive Engineering, Ltd.

Osamu Abe

Yasunori Mouri

Toshio Furuhashi

Taiji Hasegawa

Noboru Sugiura

Hideaki Ishikawa

Takeshi Atago

Takao Sasayama

Matsuo Amano

Tokuo Kosuge

Toshio Ishii

Shigeru Shimada

Seiji Suda

Masahiro Sasaki

Kotaro Hirasawa

Shigeru Kakumoto

Masumi Imai

Hiroyuki Kabasawa

Takao Teranishi

Akira Teragakiuchi

Shigeki Aoki

Yoshitaka Masutani

Aiichi Uehara

For the purpose of preventing a situation in which the fiber density looks as if it suddenly decreases in a specific view direction, a method comprises: specifying a region of interest Rin MR image data collected by a diffusion tensor method; defining regular grid points in the region of interest R; defining points obtained by randomly moving the grid points as tracking start points S, S, . . . ; performing diffusion tensor analysis on each tracking start point S, S, . . . in the image data to determine a direction of a principal axis vector; tracking a fiber by repeatedly selecting a neighbor point along the direction of the principal axis vector and performing diffusion tensor analysis on the neighbor point to determine the direction of the principal axis vector; and producing and displaying an image of the tracked fibers as viewed in a desired view direction.

Fiber rendering apparatus

A vehicle control apparatus is provided with a plurality of unit controllers to individually provide control to different control items constructed such that mutual communication of data for diagnosis is effected between the unit controllers, and when one of the unit controllers comes to be abnormal, the other or others change their control mode so as to lead the vehicle to safety, based on the data from the one unit controller having come to be abnormal.

Vehicle control apparatus including abnormality detection

An engine control apparatus in which a basic fuel injection pulse width is calculated based on various data from various sensors provided for an engine, the basic fuel injection pulse width is corrected by various factors determined based on engine conditions, and a fuel injector provided for the engine is controlled based on the corrected fuel injection pulse width, is characterized in that a period of time from a time the engine is controlled to accelerate whereby an air-fuel ratio changes into a lean state until a time the air-fuel ratio changes into a rich state is detected, and a fuel increment for the acceleration is corrected, based on the detected period of time.

Engine control apparatus

An in-engine deposit detection apparatus for an engine control system is disclosed, comprising a sensor for detecting the output air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas, a device for controlling the fuel supply amount according to the output air-fuel ratio from the sensor, acceleration detector for detecting a time point when an acceleration command is given the engine, a device for measuring a value based on the time length from a command time point detected by the acceleration detector to a time point that the sensor detects the shift of the output air-fuel ratio to rich side, a device for giving a reference value defining a limit of a normal range of the measurement obtained on the basis of the time length from the command time point detected by the acceleration detection means to the time point when the sensor detects that the output air-fuel ratio has shifted to rich side, and a device for comparing the measurement from the measuring means with a reference and deciding that there exists a deposit having an adverse effect on the engine control when the measurement deviates from the normal range defined by the reference value.

In-engine deposit detection apparatus for engine control system

A method and apparatus for controlling knocking in an internal combustion engine comprises the steps of detecting the knocking which occcurs in the internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders, correcting the ignition timing of a cylinder in which the knocking occurred, by a predetermined value based on the intensity of the knocking, and also correcting the ignition timing of the other cylinders by the predetermined value multiplied by certain coefficients.

Knocking control method and apparatus for internal combustion engine

An apparatus for controlling the operation of an internal combustion engine having a carburetor which, controls the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture supplied to the engine in the steady operating condition of the engine on the basis of predetermined data determined relative to the engine crankshaft rotation speed and intake vacuum and stored in a memory. A three-way catalyst purifies engine exhaust gases, and an output signal from an O.sub.2 sensor in the exhaust system is fed back for the control of the air-fuel ratio in the engine exhaust gases. A circuit checks whether this feedback control is normally carried or not. The air-fuel ratio supplied to the engine in an unsteady operating condition of the engine is controlled by regulating the fuel and air supplied to the engine while bypassing the carburetor, by the sensed values of the intake vacuum, engine crankshaft rotation speed and engine temperature and also depending on the throttle valve position. To control the rate of exhaust gas recirculation, an upper limit and a lower limit of the rate of opening of a recirculation rate regulating valve are determined on the basis of the sensed throttle valve opening, and other predetermined data determined relative to the engine crankshaft rotation speed and intake vaccum is read out from the memory to limit the rate of opening of the recirculation rate regulating valve.

Control apparatus for an internal combustion engine having a carburetor

An ignition timing control method compensates for the variations in characteristic among different knock sensors and for the aging of a knock sensor of an engine by detecting the output of the knock sensor under an engine operating condition which is less conductive to knocking phenomenon, e.g., the idling operation, comparing the detected sensor output with a plurality of preliminarily stored reference values to detect and store the sensitivity of the sensor, computing an amount of retard in accordance with a knock intensity detected under a knock control condition and the stored sensor sensitivity, obtaining a correction amount in accordance with the retard amount, and correcting a basic ignition timing in accordance with the correction amount thereby determining a final ignition timing, and an apparatus carrying out the method.

Method and apparatus of ignition timing control

An electronic control apparatus for an internal combustion engine in which a quantity of intake air fed to the engine cylinders is detected by processing an output signal produced by an air flow sensor incorporating a heat generating element and an optimal quantity of fuel corresponding to the detected intake air flow is supplied to the internal combustion engine. Arrangement is made such that the internal combustion engine can be operated with an optimal fuel supply even when the heat generating element electrically energized is not yet heated to a predetermined temperature.

Electronic control apparatus for internal combustion engine

A line recognition adapted for recognizing a drawing in which a plurality of lines overlapping one another are indicated by a given one of the mutually overlapping lines and overlap symbols representative of the other lines. The overlap symbols are so configured as to give information as to line kinds of the other lines such as solid line, dash line and chain line and/or information as to colors of the other lines. The paths of the other lines are estimated on the basis of the overlap symbols as well as the positions at which they are inserted, for thereby recognizing the whole line paths or patterns of the drawing.

Line recognition

Disclosed are method and apparatus for controlling knocking of an internal combustion engine by retarding an ignition timing in accordance with a knocking intensity of detected knocking and advancing the ignition timing at a predetermined velocity after the ignition timing has been retarded. When the detected knocking intensity is below a predetermined level, it is regarded that the knocking has not occurred and the retardation is inhibited.

Method and apparatus for controlling knocking of an internal combustion

The data processing unit of an engine control apparatus constantly fetches signals flowing from the sensors and signals flowing to the actuators, and decides whether the respective fetched signals are normal or abnormal to thereby store the results of the decision as diagnosis data in a random access memory. The data processing unit stores a predetermined code in a predetermined area of the random access memory, carries out the engine control data processing operations in accordance with the diagnosis data, and writes the predetermined code in the predetermined area of the random access memory and clears data of all areas of the random access memory other than the predetermined area to thereby carry out the engine control data processing when the read data is determined not to be equal to the predetermined data.

Electronic control method and apparatus for internal combustion engine

An apparatus for controlling the operation of an internal combustion engine having a carburetor, especially, the air-fuel ratio and the rate of exhaust gas recirculation, controls the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture supplied to the engine in the steady operating condition of the engine on the basis of predetermined data determined relative to the engine crankshaft rotation speed and intake vacuum and stored previously in a memory. A three-way catalyst is used to purify engine exhaust gases, and an output signal from an O.sub.2 sensor in the exhaust system is fed back for the control of the air-fuel ratio in the engine exhaust gases. A circuit is provided to check whether this feedback control is normally carried or not. The air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture supplied to the engine in an unsteady operating condition of the engine is controlled by regulating the amounts of fuel and air supplied to the engine while bypassing the carburetor, on the basis of the sensed values of the intake vacuum, engine crankshaft rotation speed and engine temperature and also depending on the throttle valve position. For the control of the rate of exhaust gas recirculation, an upper limit and a lower limit of the rate of opening of a recirculation rate regulating valve are determined on the basis of the sensed throttle valve opening, and other predetermined data determined relative to the engine crankshaft rotation speed and intake vacuum is read out from the memory to limit the rate of opening of the recirculation rate regulating valve.

A control system employs a microcomputer, which controls the starting operation of a spark ignition type engine provided with a fuel injection system. The control system is loaded with, at least, contact information of an ignition switch for connecting an ignition device to a power supply and a starter switch for connecting a starter motor to the power supply, and an output signal of a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of cooling water of the engine. Where the cooling water temperature is not higher than a predetermined temperature, a fuel pump which supplies pressurized fuel to an injector of the fuel injection system is started simultaneously with the closure of the ignition switch, and this fuel pump is stopped during the operation of the starter motor.

System for controlling the starting operation of an internal combustion

In a fuel control method data used to control the amount of the fuel supply in the previous cycle is corrected in response to the output of an O.sub.2 sensor in a current cycle, and added to or subtracted from the corrected data value as the difference between a value derived from data stored in a map based on the output of a vacuum sensor and engine rotation speed in the previous cycle and a value derived from the data stored in the map based on the output of the vacuum sensor and engine rotation speed in the current cycle. The sum or difference is used as current control data.

Corrective feedback technique for controlling air-fuel ratio for an

An engine control system with a microcomputer is disclosed which controls the amount of fuel injection of a spark ignition engine having a fuel injection system. In each intake process of a cylinder of the engine, a regular fuel injection is effected. An acceleration fuel injection is effected only once in each interval of said regular fuel injection in the case where the task actuated in predetermined cycles regardless of the engine rotational speed decides that the engine is in an accelerated condition.

Growing community of inventors

Katsuta, Japan

Osamu Abe