Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation

Wm Wrigley Jr Company

Orrin D Lokken

Mark D Markel

E Eugene Fisher

R Ray Estes

Mandi J Lopez

John M Pfotenhauer

William W D Hagquist

Elmer G Paguette

A goniometer (also sometimes referred to as an arthrometer, fleximeter, or pronometer) for measuring the range of motion of an animal knee includes an anchor platform to which an animal's upper leg (femur) may be affixed, and a mobile platform to which the animal's lower leg (shin and tibia) may be affixed so that the upper and lower leg are situated along a common axis. The mobile platform is preferably movable in two degrees of freedom (translational and rotational) about the anchor platform so that the relative motion of the platforms causes the upper and lower leg to move about the intermediate knee joint. A force transducer (such as a spring scale) and/or a torque transducer (such as a common torque wrench) may be used to obtain measurements of the laxity of the knee joint.

Veterinary goniometer for testing of animal leg joints

A cryogenic cooling apparatus (cryocooler) with voltage isolation includes a cold end structure, which may be placed in thermally and electrically conductive contact with an electrically charged structured to be cooled, a warm end, and an electrically insulating structure between the warm end and the cold end structure of the apparatus so as to electrically isolate the cold end structure from the warm end. Two cold fingers, each comprising a cold end structure, a warm end, and the insulating structure, may be conveniently combined into a single cooling apparatus for the cooling of two electrically charged structures at different voltage levels, e.g., conductive electrical leads to a cryogenic superconductive energy storage device. The electrically insulating structure is selected so as to provide both electrical isolation and to contain a cryogenic working fluid within the cold finger of the cryocooler. The cryogenic working fluid in the cold finger may be cooled by the use of a variety of thermodynamic cycle methods, including the Gifford-McMahon cycle, and a pulse-tube type cycle. For a Gifford-McMahon type cryocooler, the electrically conductive regenerator material located in a cold finger regenerator is interleaved with electrically insulating separators so that the local electric potential in the working fluid remains less than the breakdown voltage of the fluid as defined by Paschen's curve. The cold fingers may form the single stage of a cryogenic cooler or the terminal stages of a multi-stage cryogenic cooler.

Cryogenic cooling apparatus with voltage isolation

A tacky substance such as a chewing gum base is formed into a compact body. The tacky substance is first comminuted within a bed consisting of a powdered solid, such as a bulking agent, turbulently suspended within a gaseous medium at room temperature. The tacky substance is subjected to repeated mechanical impact within the powdered solid to pulverize it into particles which are then immediately coated by the powdered solid in order to prevent cohesion between the particles. The coated particles are classified to identify those suitable for tableting and the suitable particles are then fed into a tablet press to form a compact body.

Method of compacting chewing gum base

Growing community of inventors

Madison, WI, United States of America

Orrin D Lokken