Nokia Corporation

Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy

Nokia Networks Oy

Nokia Mobile Phones Limited

Olli Salmela

Markku Koivisto

Ilpo Kokkonen

Kalle Jokio

Hans Somerma

Topi Tuomas Volkov

Esa Kemppinen

Ali Nadir Arslan

Pertti Ik&auml;l&auml;inen

Mikko Saarikoski

Henri Jonni Koskela

Harri Holma

Seppo Hamalainen

Seppo Olavi Hämäläinen

Tuomas Niemela

Petri Olavi Jappila

Tuomas Niemelä

Petri Savolainen

Alvaro Valcarce Rial

Seppo Pienimaa

Andres Arjona

Salme Jussila

Henrik Stubb

Vesa Korhonen

Teppo Miettinen

Seppo Olavi HÄMÄLÄINEN

Iipo Kokkonen

Pertti Ikäläinen

Jari Markus Huttunen

Heikki Isotalo

Tapio Taka

Kimmo Kalervo Hätönen

Risto Olavi Tiainen

Scaria Kurian

Disclosed is a method comprising receiving measurement information associated with cell site auxiliary equipment, wherein the measurement information comprises at least one of the following: status metrics or performance metrics associated with the cell site auxiliary equipment; determining, based at least partly on the measurement information, one or more commands for controlling one or more functions of the cell site auxiliary equipment; and transmitting the one or more commands to the cell site auxiliary equipment, wherein an E2 interface is used for at least one of the following: receiving at least a part of the measurement information, or transmitting the one or more commands.

Cell site auxiliary equipment control

Disclosed is a method including receiving, from an application or function, information indicating at least one of: one or more actions performed or predicted to be performed by the application or function, or one or more key performance indicators indicating an impact or predicted impact of the one or more actions, the one or more actions causing a change in at least one of: communication traffic associated with the one or more base stations, or power consumption of the one or more base stations or one or more subcomponents of the one or more base stations; determine, based at least partly on the received information, one or more virtual power plant actions or one or more peak shaving actions associated with at least one base station; and initiate the one or more virtual power plant actions or the one or more peak shaving actions.

Virtual power plant interoperability

Disclosed is a method comprising transmitting one or more requests for charging or discharging batteries of a plurality of base stations, wherein the plurality of base stations comprise at least a first group of base stations associated with a first communications service provider, and a second group of base stations associated with a second communications service provider different to the first communications service provider.

Base station battery control

To capture carbon dioxide from ambient air, a housing having at least five openings and one cooling route for a coolant from a base station to circulate within the housing may be used. The housing may include five openings: one for ambient air to enter the housing, one for the coolant to enter the housing, one for the coolant to exit the housing, one for air to exit the housing and one, the below most, for a carbon dioxide to exit the housing. The cooling route is between the openings for the coolant, formed by at least one partially insulated pipe with an uninsulated pipe surface portion. The housing further includes at least one disc made of a solid carbon dioxide sorbent material for capturing carbon dioxide and being arranged within the cooling route with a direct physical contact to the un-insulated pipe surface portion.

Carbon dioxide capture from ambient air

Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for controlling power usage in radio access networks. A central unit may be configured to receive, from an element management system, one or more first messages indicating power saving policies. The central unit may determine, based on the power saving policies, an idle period, and may send, to a distributed unit, a second message indicating the idle period. The distributed unit may activate, for the idle period, a power saving mode of the distributed unit.

Signaling for controlling power usage in radio access networks

The idea of the invention is to form a cavity in a multilayer substrate at the point of the structure to be trimmed. This enables the embedding of tolerance critical components inside substrates, such as printed circuit boards, modules, and sub-systems. Trimming is done through the cavity using, for example, a laser. After trimming the cavity is easy to fill in with a suitable dielectric material, or to cover otherwise, e.g. by using a lid, or to leave the cavity uncovered.

Trimming of embedded structures

The idea of the invention is to fabricate a multilayer coaxial transmission line into a printed circuit. The outermost conductor is fabricated by conductive strips in different layers, using conductive via posts in isolation layers connecting the strips. The innermost conductor can be a single conductive strip or multi strips in different layers connected together through conductive via posts.

Waveguide in multilayer structures and resonator formed therefrom

The invention relates to a device for guiding electromagnetic waves from a wave guide (), in particular a multi-band wave guide, to a transmission line (), in particular a micro strip line, arranged at one end of the wave guide (), comprising coupling means (--) for mechanical fixation and impedance matching between the wave guide () and the transmission line (). It is the object of the invention to improve such a structure in the way that manufacturing is made easier and less expensive than according to prior art. According to the present invention that object is solved in the way that the coupling means comprises at least one dielectric layer () being mechanically connected with the main plane of the transmission line, the geometric dimension of that at least one dielectric layer extending along the propagation direction of the electromagnetic waves being correlated with the center frequency of electromagnetic waves in order to achieve optimised impedance matching.

Waveguide to stripline transition with via forming an impedance matching fence

The invention relates to a method for forming a self-aligned transition between a transmission line () and a module () to be connected to said transmission line (). The invention equally relates to such a module (), to such a transmission line (), to an intermediate element () possibly to be positioned between such a module () and such a transmission line (), and finally to a system comprising such a transition. In order to enable a simple and precise connection of a transmission line () with some other module (), it is proposed to use matching solder particles () and soldering pads on module () and transmission line () or intermediate element () respectively, and to apply a reflow treatment to the joined elements () and () or () and (), thereby forming a self-aligning connection. The invention is to be applied particularly to waveguide-to-microstrip transitions.

Self-aligned transition between a transmission line and a module

A cavity is formed in a multilayer substrate at the point of the structure to be trimmed. This enables the embedding of tolerance critical components inside substrates, such as printed circuit boards, modules, and sub-systems. Trimming is done through the cavity using, for example, a laser. After trimming the cavity is easy to fill in with a suitable dielectric material or to cover otherwise, e.g. by using a lid, or to leave the cavity uncovered.

The invention relates to a waveguide manufacturing and a waveguide manufactured with the method, which can be integrated into a circuit structure manufactured with the multilayer ceramic technique. The core part () of the waveguide is formed by a unit assembled of ceramic layers, which is limited in the yz plane by two impedance discontinuities and in the xz plane by two planar surfaces () made of conductive material. The conductive surfaces can be connected to each other by vias made of conductive material (). The waveguide manufactured with the method according to the invention is a fixed part of the circuit structure as a whole.

Method for creating waveguides in multilayer ceramic structures and a waveguide having a core bounded by air channels

The idea of the invention is to fabricate a multilayer coaxial transmission line into a printed circuit. The outermost conductor is fabricated by conductive conduit strips in different layers, using conductive via posts in isolation layers connecting the strips. The innermost conductor can be a single conductive strip or multiple strips in different layers connected together through conductive via posts.

Multilayer coaxial structures and resonator formed therefrom

The invention relates to structures, by which part of the incoming high-frequency energy can be separated to its own path (out ) or energies coming from different paths can be combined to a common path. The basic idea of the invention is that all components of the dividing or combining means are integrated into a monolithic structure in an insulating material, preferably multilayer ceramics. The transmission line strips ( ) and other conductors are formed by printing conductive material on the outer surface of the ceramic piece ( ) and in its interlayers, when required. The conductors between the surfaces are formed by filling the hole made through the layer or layers with conductive material. The resistive components ( ) parallel with and between the surfaces are formed in a similar manner. The structure according to the invention is relatively small and reliable, and its manufacturing costs are low.

Means for handling high-frequency energy

The invention relates to a transmission cable realized by multilayer technique, where the signal cable ( ) is set at a desired distance from the wall of the cavity constructed for said transmission cable by means of a separate support element ( ). The ground cable ( ) included in the structure is placed on the cable cavity wall opposite to the signal cable. By using the transmission cable according to the invention, there is achieved a low attenuation per unit of length at RF frequencies.

Inverted microtrip transmission line integrated in a multilayer structure

The invention is directed to a method for matching characteristic impedances in a wideband manner. The matching of characteristic impedances is realized by tapering a conductor inside a wall composed of a dielectric material. The tapered conductor is either an asymmetric stripline or an asymmetric coplanar line. The method enables characteristic impedance matching at up to 40 GHz. The coupler is applicable to signal line feedthroughs in MMIC packages.

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Helsinki, Finland

Olli Salmela