Alcatel Lucent

Oleksander Sydorenko

Joseph Ashley Taylor

Thomas Nikita Krupenkin

Joanna Aizenberg

Thomas Nikita Krupekin

An apparatus includes a substrate having a top surface, a substantially regular array of raised structures located over the top surface, and a layer located on the top surface between the structures. Distal surfaces of the structures are farther from the top surface than remaining portions of the structures. The layer is able to contract such that the distal surfaces of the structures protrude through the layer. The layer is able to swell such that the distal surfaces of the structures are closer to the top surface of the substrate than one surface of the layer.

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Piscataway, NJ, United States of America

Oleksander Sydorenko