Fraunhofer-gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.v.

Pirelli Cavi E Sistemi S.p.a.

Other

Alcatel

Heinrich Hertz Institut Fuer Nachrichtentechnik Berlin Gmbh.

Draka Cable Wuppertal Gmbh

Norbert Keil

Crispin Zawadzki

Huihai Yao

Monika Bauer

Christian Dreyer

J&ouml;rg Bauer

Wolfgang Schade

Martin Schell

Peter Funken

Martin Angelmahr

Carl Michael Weinert

Kurt L&ouml;sch

J&uuml;rgen Schneider

Hans-Peter Nolting

Jörg Bauer

Magnus Happach

David De Felipe Mesquida

A sensor element for detecting mechanical state variables contains at least one optical waveguide having at least one fiber Bragg grating, and at least one planar optical filter element to which light exiting the optical waveguide can be fed to at least one measuring device for determining an intensity ratio of a Stokes and an anti-Stokes lines and/or a propagation time of an optical signal. A method for detecting mechanical state variables uses such a sensor element running along a measuring section, wherein light having at least one predefinable mean wavelength and a predefinable spectral width is coupled into the optical waveguide and light reflected and/or scattered in the optical waveguide is fed to at least two measuring devices, measuring the intensity of the light exiting the optical waveguide in selected spectral ranges, and measuring an intensity ratio of a Stokes and an Anti-stokes line and/or a propagation time of an optical signal.

Sensor element and method for the production thereof and use thereof

The invention relates to a method and to an apparatus for compensating the polarization-dependent shift of the center frequency in an optical filter comprising an interferometer by way of compensating the birefringence in at least one waveguide of the interferometer, wherein at least one half-wave plate is arranged into the optical path of the interferometer and at least a section of the waveguide () on the right and on the left of the half-wave plate () is brought to a pre-selectable temperature, and wherein at least one section on the right of the half-wave plate () is brought to a first temperature T, and at least one section on the left of the half-wave plate () is brought to a second temperature T.

Method and apparatus for compensating polarization-dependent frequency shifts in optical waveguides

The present invention is directed to optical waveguides or waveguide systems, comprising at least (a) a first material which is a poly(perfluorocyclobutane), and in direct contact to this material, (b) a second material which is a polycyanate resin made from at least one aromatic difunctional cyanate of formula (I) wherein Rto Rare independently from each other hydrogen, optionally substituted C-Calkyl, C-Ccycloalkyl, C-Calkoxy, halogen, phenyl or phenoxy, the alkyl or aryl groups being unfluorinated, partly fluorinated or fully fluorinated with the proviso that (I) carries at least 1 fluorine atom, and Z is a chemical bond, SO, CFCH, CHF, CH(CH), isopropylene, hexafluoroisopropylene, n- or iso-C-Calkylene which may be partly or fully fluorinated, O, NRwhereby Ris hydrogen or C-Calkyl, N&#x2550;N, CH&#x2550;CH, C(O)O, CH&#x2550;N, CH&#x2550;N&#x2014;N&#x2550;CH, alkyloxyalkylene having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, S, or Si(CH)optionally in mixture with other components. Preferably, both the first and the second materials are in the form of a thin layer, the layers directly adhered to each other. Either the waveguide can be made from the first material and at least one of the buffer layer and the cladding layer can be made from the second material, or vice versa.

Optical waveguides derived from a combination of poly(perfluorocyclobutanes) and polymeric cyanates

The present invention relates in general to optical waveguide devices, which preferably are planar, e.g., optical arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs), multiplexers/demultiplexers, optical add/drop multiplexers and the like. More particularly, the present invention provides integrated optical waveguide devices having central wavelengths (or channel wavelengths) which are temperature insensitive in that they do not or do almost not shift upon temperature variations in the environment. Such devices are also called athermalized or athermal devices. Preferably, most or all parts of such devices including waveguides, cladding material and the substrate itself consist of organic polymeric materials. The devices of the invention substantially remedy the problems encountered with the limitations and disadvantages of common devices as known in the prior art.

Temperature insensitive optical waveguide device

The present invention is directed to wave guide systems or structures or parts thereof, characterized in that they consist of or comprise a resin composed of at least one polycyanate copolymer, obtainable by copolymerization of at least one specific difunctional cyanate with at least one monocyanate of the formula N&equiv;&mdash;C&mdash;O&mdash;R, wherein R is a straight or branched non-aromatic hydrocarbon radical or a non-aromatic hydrocarbon radical comprising a cyclic structure, the radical having the formula C(R&prime;) &mdash;CFR&Prime; wherein each R&prime; is, independently from the other, hydrogen or fluorine or an optionally substituted, preferably fluorinated alkyl or alkenyl group, and each of R&Prime; may independently be defined as R&prime; or may have an arylic structure.

Waveguide systems or structures or parts thereof, containing polycyanate copolymers prepared from polyfunctional cyanates and fluorinated monocyanates

In accordance with the invention, a plurality of glass waveguides (GWL,. . . GWL,) are arranged in a first plane. In an overlying plane there is arranged at least one polymer waveguide (PWLA) which forms an acute angle with the glass waveguides. Vertical coupling regions are formed where the polymer waveguide intersects the underlying glass waveguides. The coupling properties can be selectively influenced with the aid of heating electrodes (EA,. . . EA,; EB,. . . EB,). To switch over light from one glass waveguide into another, the temperature of the vertical coupling regions is set such that light is coupled up from the one glass waveguide into the polymer waveguide, is guided therein, and is coupled down into the desired glass waveguide in another coupling region.

Thermo-optical switch

A digital optical switch with two input terminals and two output terminals to satisfy the extensive uses of optical switches. The conditions for adiabatic mode evolution can be flexibly adjusted depending on the planned use for said switch, the technological production thereof still being simple. In the digital optical switch according to the invention, the first incoming waveguide, with regard to the second incoming waveguide in the input section and the third outgoing waveguide with regard to the fourth outgoing waveguide in the output section are symmetrical with each other in cross-section, index of refraction and arrangement in relation to the direction in which the light spreads. Structural electrodes have a tapering effect on the wave guides and are adjusted thereto, and an electrode arranged in the output section is electrically driven.

Digital optical switch

For reducing power consumption and cross-talk in the transmission of broadband optical signals without prior conversion into electrical signals there are provided in a thermo-optical switch two waveguides (WL,and WL,) extending closely adjacent each other over their interactive length the width of which is at least partially covered by one or two pairs of lamellate electrode arms of a heating electrode (E), the arms of each pair being interconnected by a common web (G) and being of similar geometric shape as the waveguides (WL,and WL,) positioned below them. Furthermore, means is provided for changing and/or setting the thermal and/or geometric symmetry/asymmetry of the refractive indices in the two waveguides.

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Berlin, Germany

Norbert Keil