Shell Oil Comapny

Showa Shell Sekiyu Kabushiki Kaisha

Showa Shell Sekiyu Kabusyiki Kaisha

Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij, B.v.

Nobuhiro Okabe

Shinya Sasaki

Hideto Fukuya

Yoshiichi Suzuki

Norio Yamamoto

Noriko Yamakawa

Hiroyuki Mogamiya

Ichiro Kawamura

Tadaaki Isozaki

Yuichiro Yamada

Yuvraj S Negi

Masachika Masuko

Tohru Ohode

A diesel oil composition is provided which, while having a low sulfur content, has an excellent oxidative stability even under the higher temperature conditions that can be expected for the operating environments of the future. The diesel oil composition has a fluorenes content of at least 200 ppm by mass and an acenaphthylenes content of at most 2000 ppm by mass.

Diesel oil composition

A fuel composition for use in gasoline engines which has excellent acceleration characteristics at high speeds and excellent fuel consumption. The fuel composition of this invention for use in gasoline engines satisfies the conditions: (1) the research octane number is not less than 99; (2) the density is in the range of from 0.750 to 0.770 g/cm3; (3) the distillation temperature at 50 vol % distilled is in the range of from 95 to 102&#xb0; C., the distillation temperature at 90 vol % distilled is in the range of from 160 to 180 &#xb0; C., and the distillation end point is in the range of from 180 to 220 &#xb0; C.; and (4) the content of aromatic hydrocarbons with 9 or more carbon atoms is in the range of from 15 to 25% by volume, and the indane content is in the range of from 0.5 to 3.0% by volume.

Fuel composition for use in gasoline engines

A fuel composition for use in gasoline engines which has excellent acceleration characteristics at high speeds and excellent fuel consumption. The fuel composition of this invention for use in gasoline engines satisfies the conditions: (1) the research octane number is not less than 90; (2) the density is in the range of from 0.740 to 0.760 g/cm3; (3) the distillation temperature at 50 vol % distilled is in the range of from 95 to 105 &#xb0; C., the distillation temperature at 90 vol % distilled is in the range of from 160 to 180&#xb0; C., and the distillation end point is not more than 220&#xb0; C.; and (4) the content of aromatic hydrocarbons with 9 or more carbon atoms is in the range of from 12 to 20% by volume, and the indane content is in the range of from 1.5 to 3.0% by volume.

A liquid crystal orientation controlling membrane, characterized by the polyimide membrane comprising the repeating unit represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein Ar.sub.1 represents a diamine moiety which is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## Ar.sub.2 represents tetravalent carboxylic acid moiety which is selected from the group consisting of ##STR3## Another invention is a ferroelectric liquid crystal element or an antiferroelectric liquid crystal element using the polyimide orientation controlling membrane mentioned above. The present liquid crystal element is used to a large picture display with high resolution, a TV picture display with wide viewing angle and a liquid crystal optical shutter.

Liquid crystal orientation controlling membranes and liquid crystal

A liquid crystal composition is disclosed having antiferroelectric phases at two temperature ranges. A liquid crystal element and device using the liquid crystal composition are also disclosed.

Liquid crystal composition, and element and device using the same

Disclosed are novel liquid crystal compounds containing a naphthalene ring, having an excellent light leaking ratio at tristable states, and represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a C.sub.6 -C.sub.16 linear alkyl group or C.sub.6 -C.sub.16 linear alkoxy group, R.sub.2 is a C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 linear alkyl group, R.sub.3 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 haloalkyl group, and C having an asterisk indicates an asymmetric atom. The liquid crystal compounds are expected to find their applications in electrooptical devices and liquid crystal displays utilizing a S*.sub.(3) liquid crystal phase which shows tristable states.

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Tokyo, Japan

Nobuhiro Okabe