Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC

Abengoa Solar New Technologies, S.a.

First Solar, Inc.

Nirav Vora

Rick C Powell

David Scott Albin

John Barden

Aaron Roggelin

Sebastian Caparros Jimenez

Manuel Romero

Joaquin Murillo Gutierrez

Emilio Sanchez Cortezon

Systems and methods for forming solar cells with CuInSeand Cu(In,Ga)Sefilms are provided. In one embodiment, a method comprises: during a first stage (), performing a mass transport through vapor transport of an indium chloride (InCl) vapor () and Se vapor () to deposit a semiconductor film () upon a substrate (); heating the substrate () and the semiconductor film to a desired temperature (); during a second stage () following the first stage (), performing a mass transport through vapor transport of a copper chloride (CuCl) vapor () and Se vapor () to the semiconductor film (); and during a third stage () following the second stage (), performing a mass transport through vapor transport of an indium chloride (InCl) vapor () and Se vapor () to the semiconductor film ().

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Toledo, OH, United States of America

Nirav Vora