Exxon Research and Engineering Company

Nicholas Feldman

Jacob Joseph Habeeb

Antonio Gutierrez

Stanley J Brois

Morton Beltzer

Jack Ryer

Arthur W Langer, Jr

William H Stover

John W Frankenfeld

Joseph Vardi

Jerome Panzer

Martin F Dooley

William DEWaal

Peter J Jessup

The present invention provides for a middle distillate fuel having a boiling range within about 120.degree. to about 400.degree. C. which has enhanced low temperature flow properties. These enhanced properties are provided by the addition of a mixture comprising:

Middle distillate fuel having improved low temperature flow properties

A wax-containing middle distillate, such as diesel fuel, having improved low temperature flow properties comprises three or more components including (A) an oil-soluble ethylene backbone flow improving polymer such as ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, (B) a hydrocarbyl substituted amine salt and/or amide of a carboxylic acid or anhydride such as phthalic anhydride salts, and (C) a hydrocarbyl substituted amine salt and/or amide of a derivative of benzoic acid such as the dihydrogenerated tallow amine salt of an alkyl substituted dithiobenzoic acid.

Composition for improving cold flow properties of middle distillates

A wax-containing middle distillate, such as diesel fuel, having improved low temperature flow properties comprises three or more components including (A) an oil-soluble ethylene backbone flow improving polymer such as ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, (B) a hydrocarbyl substituted amine salt and/or amide of a carboxylic acid or anhydride such as phthalic anhydride salts, and (C) a hydrocarbyl substituted amine salt of a derivative of phosphoric acid such as the dihydrogenated tallow amine salt of dialkyldithiophosphoric acid.

A lubricating oil composition having improved antiwear, antioxidation, and extreme pressure performance comprises a lubricating oil and a long chain hydrocarbyl amine, such as tallow amine, salt or amide of a derivative of benzoic acid or dithiobenzoic acid such as 4-hydroxy-3, 5-di-tert-butyldithiobenzoic acid.

Lubricating oil containing ashless non-phosphorus additive

The presence of a minor amount of certain quaternary ammonium hydroxides in an engine lubricating oil has been found to be effective in reducing and controlling combustion chamber deposits and octane requirement increase in spark ignition internal combustion engines and in reducing oil consumption in diesel engines.

Engine lubricating oil comprising a quaternary ammonium hydroxide

It has been found that when minor amounts of quaternary ammonium hydroxides are added to gasolines, the octane requirement increase for fuel fired spark ignition internal combustion engines is decreased or reversed. Thus, in one aspect, the present invention comprises a method for controlling the ORI of spark ignition internal combustion engines by operating such engines on a fuel containing certain quaternary ammonium hydroxides in amounts sufficient to control the ORI.

Method and fuel composition for reducing octane requirement increase

A wax-containing petroleum distillate fuel composition having improved low temperature flow properties is described. The distillate fuel has added thereto:

A pour depressant for hydrocarbon oils, such as hydrotreated shale oil, and a method for depressing the pour point of hydrocarbon oil utilizing the pour depressant are disclosed. The depressant comprises the combination of:

Pour depressant

A colorimetric method for detecting the presence of alcohol in hydrocarbons, such as gasoline, is disclosed. The method comprises contacting the hydrocarbon with a mixture comprising:

Colorimetric detection of alcohols in gasoline

A composition for reducing the amount of particulate matter formed during the combustion of residual fuel oil, particularly No. 6 fuel oil, comprising a residual fuel oil and an effective amount of a combination of zirconium and cerium salts of carboxylic acids, alcohols, phenols or sulfonates. Another embodiment involves a process for reducing the amount of particulate matter formed during combustion of a residual fuel oil which comprises combustion of a residual fuel which contains an effective amount of said selected combination of zirconium and cerium salts.

Zirconium-cerium additives for residual fuel oil

The method of inhibiting or reducing the level of asphaltic sediment formed in residual fuels by adding an alkylaryl sulfonic acid stabilizer to said fuel comprising the improvement of adding an effective stabilizing amount of said stabilizer to said fuel oil and maintaining said stabilized fuel at a selected high temperature of at least about 190.degree. C. for a time sufficient to inhibit the formation or reduce the level of asphaltic sediment.

Method for improving stability of residual fuel oils

A composition for reducing the amount of particulate matter formed during the combustion of residual fuel oil, particularly No. 6 fuel oil, comprising a residual fuel oil and an effective amount of selected oil soluble zirconium salts of an alcohol/phenol or sulfonate. Another embodiment involves a process for reducing the amount of particulate matter formed during combustion of a residual fuel oil which comprises combustion of a residual fuel oil which contains an effective amount of a selected zirconium salt of alcohol/phenol or sulfonate.

Zirconium additives for residual fuel oil

Zirconium salts of carboxylic acids as additives in residual fuel oil to reduce particulate emission. The additives are especially effective in decreasing particulate emission in the combustion of No. 6 fuel oil, to aid in meeting current particulate emission standards.

Amine salts, amic acids, amic acid amine salts bis-amides and imides of oil-soluble thio-bis-(C.sub.12-50 alkyl lactone acid), e.g. a secondary hydrogenated tallow amide of dithio-bis-(C.sub.16 -C.sub.24 alkyl lactone carboxylic acid), are useful in combination with a coadditive hydrocarbon such as an amorphous hydrocarbon or a hydrogenated polybutadiene in improving the cold flow properties of distillate hydrocarbon oils.

Amine derivatives of thio-bis-lactone acids in combination with

Oil soluble combinations of (A) ethylene polymer or copolymer, (B) a second polymer having alkyl side chains of 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and derived from carboxylic acid esters and/or olefins, and (C) nitrogen compounds, such as amides, amine salts and ammonium salts, of carboxylic acids or anhydrides, are useful in improving the cold flow properties of distillate hydrocarbon fuel oils.

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Woodbridge, NJ, United States of America

Nicholas Feldman