Leland Stanford Junior University

University of California

California Institute of Technology

Paradromics, Inc.

The Francis Crick Institute Limited

Rhythmic Health, Inc.

Nicholas A Melosh

Yuhong Cao

Zhi-Xun Shen

Jared W Schwede

Sergio Leal-Ortiz

Noureddine Tayebi

Jules J Vandersarl

Alexander M Xu

James R Heath

Pierre M Petroff

Igor Bargatin

Yifan Kong

Zhixun Shen

Zahid Hussain

Mina-Elraheb Saad Hanna

Benjamin David Almquist

Karl Martin Hjort

Jason D Fabbri

Wanli Yang

Piyush Verma

Daniel Riley

Matt R Angle

Andy Kah Ping Tay

Chris Rehse

Kunal Sahasrabuddhe

Amanda Jonsson

Peidong Yang

Galen D Stucky

Tejal Ashwin Desai

Bradley F Chmelka

Matthew R Angle

William C Chueh

Cade B Fox

Andreas Schaefer

Hariharasudhan Chirra Dinakar

Jun Ding

Xiaofei Ye

Andrew E Gonzalez

Patrick Mcquade

Matthew A Gebbie

Abdulmalik Obaid

Stefanie Rothkoetter

Ryan T Swoboda

Howard C Huang

Brian J Scott

Gernot Wirnsberger

Marc Daniel Ferro

Benjamin Roth Lowenstein

Paul Michael Litvak

Sergio Leal-ortiz

Jared Schwede

Methods and apparatuses to non-destructively and periodically sample a small quantity of intracellular proteins and mRNA from the same single cell or cells for an extended period of time. Specifically, describe herein are non-perturbative methods for time-resolved, longitudinal extraction and quantitative measurement of intracellular proteins and nucleic acids from a variety of cell types using systems including nanostraws.

Methods of non-destructive nanostraw intracellular sampling for longitudinal cell monitoring

This disclosure enables the generation and patterning of color centers with nanometer-scale spatial control in a variety of materials in repeatable fashion and without the use of radiation. Embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure employ a layer of vacancy-injection material disposed on a host-material, where the vacancy-injection material forms a compound with host-material atoms at elevated temperatures. During compound formation, lattice vacancies are generated in the host material and diffuse within the substrate lattice to bond with impurity atoms, thereby forming color centers. High-resolution lithographic patterning of the vacancy-injection film and the short diffusion lengths of the lattice vacancies enables nanometer-level spatial control over the lateral positions of the color centers. Furthermore, the depth of the color centers in the substrate can be controlled by controlling the coating material, thickness, anneal time, and anneal temperature.

Method for forming and patterning color centers

The embodiments provide a thermionic emission device and a method for tuning a work function in a thermionic emission device is provided. The method includes illuminating an N type semiconductor material of a first member of a thermionic emission device, wherein a work function of the N type semiconductor material is lowered by the illuminating. The method includes collecting, on one of the first member or a second member of the thermionic emission device, electrons emitted from one of the first member or the second member.

Method for tuning work function using surface photo voltage and producing ultra-low-work-function surfaces, and devices operational therewith

Nanostraws and to methods of utilizing them in order to deliver biologically relevant molecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins etc., into non-adherent cells such as immune cells, embryos, plant cells, bacteria, yeast etc. The methods described herein are repeatedly capable of delivering biologically relevant cargo into non-adherent cells, with high cell viability, dosage control, unaffected proliferation or cellular development, and with high efficiency. Among other uses, these new delivery methods will allow to scale pre-clinical cell reprogramming techniques to clinical applications.

Apparatuses and methods using nanostraws to deliver biologically relevant cargo into non-adherent cells

In accordance with the purpose(s) of the present disclosure, as embodied and broadly described herein, embodiments of the present disclosure, in one aspect, relate to methods of making a structure including nanotubes, a structure including nanotubes, methods of delivering a fluid to a cell, methods of removing a fluid to a cell, methods of accessing intracellular space, and the like.

Nanotube structures, methods of making nanotube structures, and methods of accessing intracellular space

Described herein are nanostraw well insert apparatuses (e.g., devices and systems) that include nanotubes extending through and out of a membrane so that a material can pass through the membrane from a fluid reservoir depot and into a cell grown onto the nanotubes when electrical energy (e.g., electroporation energy) is applied. In particular, the device, systems and methods described herein may be adapted for cell growth viability and transfection efficiency (e.g., &#x3e;70%). These apparatuses may be readily integratable into cell culturing processes for improved transfection efficiency, intracellular transport, and cell viability.

Nanostraw well insert devices for improved cell transfection and viability

Systems and methods for manufacturing and processing microwires for use as microelectrodes are disclosed. The disclosed techniques provide methods for creating microelectrode bundles with different organizations and patterns. Systems and methods of the present disclosure also provide methods for electrochemically modifying bundles of microelectrode ends.

Method of producing patterned microwire bundles

A multi-analyte sensor includes a body having a proximal end and a distal end. A plurality of strips is connected to one end of the body and a plurality of electrical conductors run through the body and into the plurality of strips. Exposed portions of first and second electrical conductors running through first and second strips are coated with analyte-responsive materials, such as a first molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) and a second MIP, respectively. The first MIP has binding sites for a first target analyte and the second MIP has binding sites for a second target analyte. The multi-analyte sensor may be part of a sensing device that also includes a controller and a data store.

Multi-analyte molecularly imprinted polymer sensor

Method for tuning work function using surface photovoltage and producing ultra-low-work-function surfaces, and devices operational therewith

Microdevices containing a chamber bound on one side by a nanoporous membrane are provided. The nanoporous membrane may contain hollow nanotubes that extend through the nanoporous membrane, from one surface to the other, and extend beyond the surface of the nanoporous membrane opposite the surface interfacing with the chamber. The nanotubes may provide a fluidic conduit between an environment external to the microdevice and the chamber, which is otherwise substantially fluid-tight. Also provided are methods of making a microdevice and methods of using the microdevices.

Nanostraw devices and methods of fabricating and using the same

Methods for patterning highly sensitive materials, such as organic materials, organic semiconductors, biomolecular materials, and the like, with photolithographic resolution are disclosed. In some embodiments, a germanium mask () is formed on the surface of the sensitive material (), thereby protecting it from subsequent processes that employ harsh chemicals that would otherwise destroy the sensitive material (). A microlithography mask () is patterned on the germanium mask layer (), after which the germanium exposed by the microlithography mask () is removed by dissolving it in water. After transferring the pattern of the germanium mask () into the sensitive material (), the germanium and microlithography masks () are completely removed by immersing the substrate in water, which dissolves the remaining germanium and lifts off the microlithography mask material. As a result, the only chemical to which the sensitive material () is exposed during the patterning process is water, thereby mitigating or avoiding damage to the material ().

Method for lithograghic patterning of sensitive materials

A probe suitable for deep-brain recording and stimulation is provided. The probe comprises a wire bundle that includes a plurality of wires, an integrated circuit having a plurality of electrodes, and an interposer that joins the wire bundle and the integrated circuit such that each of the plurality of electrodes is electrically connected with a different wire of the plurality of wires.

Deep-brain probe and method for recording and stimulating brain activity

Growing community of inventors

Stanford, CA, United States of America

Nicholas A Melosh