Apple Inc.

Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.

Amazon Technologies, Inc.

Nevzat Akin Kestelli

Serhan O Isikman

Nicole Dorene Kerness

Ueyn L Block

Christopher Francis Edwards

Anand K Chamakura

David Skurnik

Sunny Kweisun Hsu

Brian Richards Land

Pirooz Parvarandeh

Ilya K Veygman

Justin Shi

Albert Wang

Chin San Han

Joy T Jones

Phillip J Benzel

Miro Yakov Shverdin

Janice C Lee

A photoplethysmographic (PPG) device is disclosed. The PPG device can include one or more light emitters and one or more light sensors to generate the multiple light paths for measuring a PPG signal and perfusion indices of a user. The multiple light paths between each pair of light emitters and light detectors can include different separation distances to generate both an accurate PPG signal and a perfusion index value to accommodate a variety of users and usage conditions. In some examples, the multiple light paths can include the same separation distances for noise cancellation due to artifacts resulting from, for example, tilt and/or pull of the device, a user's hair, a user's skin pigmentation, and/or motion. The PPG device can further include one or more lenses and/or reflectors to increase the signal strength and/or and to obscure the optical components and associated wiring from being visible to a user's eye.

Multiple light paths architecture and obscuration methods for signal and perfusion index optimization

A compact optical sensor is used to determine heart rate, hemoglobin, hydration, peptides, or oxygen saturation using a light source and a single photodiode. The single photodiode has a first filter and a second filter. The first filter is closer to the light source and is transparent to green light and blocks red light. The second filter is farther from the light source and is transparent to red light and blocks green light. This arrangement of the filters facilitates acquisition of backscattered light from desired depths of measurement within the body of a user. At a first time, the light source emits red light and first output from the photodiode is determined. At a second time, the light source emits green light and second output from the photodiode is determined. The optical sensor determines oxygen saturation using the first output and heart rate using the second output.

Optical sensor light filtering in a wearable device

A gesture sensing device includes a multiple segmented photo sensor and a control circuit for processing sensed voltages output from the sensor. The control circuit processes the sensed voltage signals to determine target motion relative to the segmented photo sensor. The control circuit includes an algorithm configured to calculate one of more differential analog signals using the sensed voltage signals output from the segmented photo sensors. A vector is determined according to the calculated differential analog signals, the vector is used to determine a direction and/or velocity of the target motion.

Method for detecting gestures using a multi-segment photodiode and one or fewer illumination sources

A gesture sensing device includes a single light source and a multiple segmented single photo sensor, or an array of photo sensors, collectively referred to herein as segmented photo sensors. A light modifying structure relays reflected light from the light source onto different segments of the segmented photo sensors. The light modifying structure can be an optical lens structure or a mechanical structure. The different segments of the photo sensor sense reflected light and output corresponding sensed voltage signals. A control circuit receives and processes the sensed voltage signals to determine target motion relative to the segmented photo sensor.

Optical gesture sensor having a light modifying structure

A portable electronic device include one or more electrodes for calculating distances and rotational angles between the device and the user is disclosed. Based on the calculated distances and rotational angles, a physical activity of the user can be determined. Additionally, the calculated distances and rotational angles can be used for compensation of optical artifacts in one or more signals detected by the device. User movement or physical activity can introduce optical artifacts, which can lead to erroneous determination of the one or more characteristics. The calculated distances and rotational angles can be used to reduce or remove the optical artifacts, leading to a more accurate determination of the one or more characteristics of the user.

Skin proximity and tilt effect sensor

An electronic device that can be worn by a user can include a processing device and one or more optical heart rate monitors operatively connected to the processing device. The processing device can be adapted to receive a OHRM signal from at least one optical heart rate monitor. The OHRM signal includes one or more motion artifacts that are produced by a physical activity of the user. The processing device can be adapted to analyze the OHRM signal to determine the physical activity of the user.

Activity identification using an optical heart rate monitor

A device configured to furnish hydration monitoring employs a method using multiple different wavelengths of light transmitted into a human body part, each wavelength being input at a given respective input intensity. Respective output intensities of respective ones of the multiple wavelengths can be measured, upon transmission thereof through the human body part. The corresponding input intensity and the corresponding output intensity for the respective ones of the transmitted wavelengths can be used along with a form of an equation for the Beer-Lambert law to calculate a concentration-related slope, the concentration-related slope being proportional to the relative concentration of water in the human body part at a given time. A hydration-level output indicative of a level of hydration can then be generated based on the concentration-related slope.

Device and method for monitoring body hydration

Aspects of the disclosure pertain to a system and method for reducing ambient light sensitivity of Infrared (IR) detectors. Optical filter(s) (e.g., absorption filter(s), interference filter(s)) placed over a sensor of the IR detector (e.g., gesture sensor) absorb or reflect visible light, while passing specific IR wavelengths, for promoting the reduced ambient light sensitivity of the IR detector.

System and method for reducing ambient light sensitivity of infrared (IR) detectors

A portable electronic device including one or more sensors for detecting ambient light through the user's skin is disclosed. The sensors can be optical sensors such as ambient light sensors (ALS) and/or cameras. Examples of the present disclosure include a device that can determine the intensity of ambient light and can change the operating state of the portable electronic device based on the ambient light environment. The device can also determine the type of ambient light and generate notifications to the user based on the determined type.

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San Jose, CA, United States of America

Nevzat Akin Kestelli