Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba

Nen Zhang

Norio Takami

Yasuhiro Harada

Keigo Hoshina

Tetsuya Sasakawa

According to one embodiment, provided is a secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte. The negative electrode includes a niobium-titanium composite oxide having fluorine atoms on at least part of a surface the niobium-titanium composite oxide. An abundance ratio Aof fluorine atoms, an abundance ratio Aof titanium atoms, and an abundance ratio Aof niobium atoms on a surface of the negative electrode according to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy satisfy a relationship of 3.5&#x2264;A/(A+A)&#x2264;50.

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Sagamihara Kanagawa, Japan

Nen Zhang