University of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc.

Other

Nazim Z Muradov

Ali Tabatabaie-Raissi

Eric C Martin

Cunping Huang

Franklyn Smith

Clovis Alan Linkous

Ali T Raissi

Gary Bokerman

Philip W Fairey, Iii

Peter H Peng

Karthikeyan Kallupalayam Ramasamy

Nahid Mohajeri

Ruichun Jiang

Weifeng Yao

Mohamed Elbaccouch

James M Fenton

Ali Tabatabaieraissi

Ali T-Raissi

An electrochemical water gas shift system for removing low level carbon monoxide from hydrogen stream. The system including an electrolyzer having a porous anode for absorbing carbon monoxide from a hydrogen stream as a feed stream for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell for generating an electrical energy, a small portion of electricity generated by the fuel cell is applied to the electrolyzer to convert carbon monoxide adsorbed in the porous anode to carbon dioxide and hydrogen via an electrochemical gas shift reaction without oxygen or air input. In an embodiment, the system includes a first electrolyzer operating as a CO adsorber and a second electrolyzer connected in parallel with the first electrolyzer operating as a CO remover. Two electrolyzers can be operated alternatively as CO adsorber and CO remover.

Electrochemical method for the removal of PPM levels of carbon monoxide from hydrogen for a fuel cell

A method, apparatuses and chemical compositions are provided for producing high purity hydrogen from water. Metals or alloys capable of reacting with water and producing hydrogen in aqueous solutions at ambient conditions are reacted with one or more inorganic hydrides capable of releasing hydrogen in aqueous solutions at ambient conditions, one or more transition metal compounds are used to catalyze the reaction and, optionally, one or more alkali metal-based compounds. The metal or alloy is preferably aluminum. The inorganic hydride is from a family of complex inorganic hydrides; most preferably, NaBH. The transition metal catalyst is from the groups VIII and IB; preferably, Cu and Fe. The alkali metal-based compounds are preferably NaOH, KOH, and the like. Hydrogen generated has a purity of at least 99.99 vol. % (dry basis), and is used without further purification in all types of fuel cells, including the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell.

Apparatus for decomposing water and releasing hydrogen

Two classes of hybrid/thermochemical water splitting processes for the production of hydrogen and oxygen have been proposed based on (1) metal sulfate-ammonia cycles (2) metal pyrosulfate-ammonia cycles. Methods and systems for a metal sulfate MSO&#x2014;NHcycle for producing Hand Ofrom a closed system including feeding an aqueous (NH)SOsolution into a photoctalytic reactor to oxidize the aqueous (NH)SOinto aqueous (NH)SOand reduce water to hydrogen, mixing the resulting aqueous (NH)SOwith metal oxide (e.g. ZnO) to form a slurry, heating the slurry of aqueous (NH)SOand ZnO(s) in the low temperature reactor to produce a gaseous mixture of NHand HO and solid ZnSO(s), heating solid ZnSOat a high temperature reactor to produce a gaseous mixture of SOand Oand solid product ZnO, mixing the gaseous mixture of SOand Owith an NHand HO stream in an absorber to form aqueous (NH)SOsolution and separate Ofor aqueous solution, recycling the resultant solution back to the photoreactor and sending ZnO to mix with aqueous (NH)SOsolution to close the water splitting cycle wherein gaseous Hand Oare the only products output from the closed ZnSO&#x2014;NHcycle.

Solar metal sulfate-ammonia based thermochemical water splitting cycle for hydrogen production

A system for hydrogen sulfide removal from a sour gas mixture including hydrogen sulfide. The sour gas mixture is reacted with a transition metal compound in a scrubber. Sulfide from the hydrogen sulfide is oxidized to form elemental sulfur and the transition metal is reduced to form a reduced state transition metal compound. An electrochemical redox reaction is performed including the reduced state transition metal compound to regenerate the transition metal compound in an electrolyzer including a power source. During the electrochemical redox reaction a voltage from the power source applied to the electrolyzer is controlled to regenerate the transition metal compound at a rate sufficient to match a flow rate of hydrogen sulfide into the scrubber or maintain a predetermined maximum hydrogen sulfide level out from the scrubber. The transition metal compound regenerated is returned to the scrubber for the reacting.

Method and system for hydrogen sulfide removal

Methods, processes and compositions are provided for a visual or chemochromic hydrogen-detector with variable or tunable reversible color change. The working temperature range for the hydrogen detector is from minus 100&#xb0; C. to plus 500&#xb0; C. A hydrogen-sensitive pigment, including, but not limited to, oxides, hydroxides and polyoxo-compounds of tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, chromium and combinations thereof, is combined with nano-sized metal activator particles and preferably, coated on a porous or woven substrate. In the presence of hydrogen, the composition rapidly changes its color from white or light-gray or light-tan to dark gray, navy-blue or black depending on the exposure time and hydrogen concentration in the medium. After hydrogen exposure ceases, the original color of the hydrogen-sensitive pigment is restored, and the visual hydrogen detector can be used repeatedly. By changing the composition of the hydrogen-sensitive pigment, the time required for its complete regeneration is varied from a few seconds to several days.

Methods of forming visual hydrogen detector with variable reversibility

A (H) sensor composition includes a gas permeable matrix material intermixed and encapsulating at least one chemochromic pigment. The chemochromic pigment produces a detectable change in color of the overall sensor composition in the presence of Hgas. The matrix material provides high Hpermeability, which permits fast permeation of Hgas. In one embodiment, the chemochromic pigment comprises PdO/TiO. The sensor can be embodied as a two layer structure with the gas permeable matrix material intermixed with the chemochromic pigment in one layer and a second layer which provides a support or overcoat layer.

Gas permeable chemochromic compositions for hydrogen sensing

Method and apparatus for hydrogen production from water

Visual hydrogen detector with variable reversibilty

A novel M&#x2014;Pd&#x2014;CrO(M&#x2550;Pt, Ru, Rh, Os, Au and Ag) nanocomposite cocatalysts and its preparation method. The cocatalysts loaded on CdS photocatalyst enhances the photocatalytic activities toward Hevolution from aqueous solutions (NH)SO, a regenerable electron donor, under sunlight radiation. An embodiment provides a new and facile method and system for the preparation of M&#x2014;Pd&#x2014;CrOnanocomposite cocatalysts at room temperature. Pd&#x2014;CrOloaded CdS photocatalyst has higher hydrogen evolution activity than that of a plain Pd metal loaded CdS and its performance is comparable to that of Pt/CdS photocatalyst. Formation of a Pd&#x2014;CrOcomposite with reduced size of nanoparticles results in an increase in the photocatalyst activity for Hevolution.

Nanocomposite for photocatalytic Hydrogen production and method for its preparation

A novel process and apparatus is disclosed for sustainable, continuous production of hydrogen and carbon by catalytic dissociation or decomposition of hydrocarbons at elevated temperatures using in-situ generated carbon particles. Carbon particles are produced by decomposition of carbonaceous materials in response to an energy input. The energy input can be provided by at least one of a non-oxidative and oxidative means. The non-oxidative means of the energy input includes a high temperature source, or different types of plasma, such as, thermal, non-thermal, microwave, corona discharge, glow discharge, dielectric barrier discharge, or radiation sources, such as, electron beam, gamma, ultraviolet (UV). The oxidative means of the energy input includes oxygen, air, ozone, nitrous oxide (NO) and other oxidizing agents. The method, apparatus and process of the present invention is applicable to any gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon fuel and it produces no or significantly less COemissions compared to conventional processes.

Apparatus for hydrogen and carbon production via carbon aerosol-catalyzed dissociation of hydrocarbons

This invention relates to novel three-dimensional (3D) carbon fibers which are original (or primary) carbon fibers (OCF) with secondary carbon filaments (SCF) grown thereon, and, if desired, tertiary carbon filaments (TCF) are grown from the surface of SCF forming a filamentous carbon network with high surface area. The methods and apparatus are provided for growing SCF on the OCF by thermal decomposition of carbonaceous gases (CG) over the hot surface of the OCF without use of metal-based catalysts. The thickness and length of SCF can be controlled by varying operational conditions of the process, e.g., the nature of CG, temperature, residence time, etc. The optional activation step enables one to produce 3D activated carbon fibers with high surface area. The method and apparatus are provided for growing TCF on the SCF by thermal decomposition of carbonaceous gases over the hot surface of the SCF using metal catalyst particles.

Three-dimensional carbon fibers and method and apparatus for their production

A chemochromic Hsensor includes supports including a plurality of metal oxide particles exclusive of titania, and a platinum group metal (PGM) compound on the supports. The PGM compound is an oxide, hydroxide hydrated oxide, PGM salt or a PGM complex. When the PGM compound is a PGM salt or a PGM complex, the supports can include titania particles.

Chemochromic hydrogen sensors

Visual hydrogen detector with variable reversibility

A novel process and apparatus are disclosed for sustainable CO-free production of hydrogen and carbon by thermocatalytic decomposition (dissociation, pyrolysis, cracking) of hydrocarbon fuels over carbon-based catalysts in the absence of air and/or water. The apparatus and thermocatalytic process improve the activity and stability of carbon catalysts during the thermocatalytic process and produce both high purity hydrogen (at least, 99.0 volume %) and carbon, from any hydrocarbon fuel, including sulfurous fuels. In a preferred embodiment, production of hydrogen and carbon is achieved by both internal and external activation of carbon catalysts. Internal activation of carbon catalyst is accomplished by recycling of hydrogen-depleted gas containing unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons back to the reactor. External activation of the catalyst can be achieved via surface gasification with hot combustion gases during catalyst heating. The process and apparatus can be conveniently integrated with any type of fuel cell to generate electricity.

[object Object]

Hydrogen generator coupled to or integrated with a fuel cell for portable power applications. Hydrogen is produced via thermocatalytic decomposition (cracking, pyrolysis) of hydrocarbon fuels in oxidant-free environment. The apparatus can utilize a variety of hydrocarbon fuels, including natural gas, propane, gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, crude oil (including sulfurous fuels). The hydrogen-rich gas produced is free of carbon oxides or other reactive impurities, so it could be directly fed to any type of a fuel cell. The catalysts for hydrogen production in the apparatus are carbon-based or metal-based materials and doped, if necessary, with a sulfur-capturing agent. Additionally disclosed are two novel processes for the production of two types of carbon filaments, and a novel filamentous carbon product. Carbon particles with surface filaments having a hydrophobic property of oil film absorption, compositions of matter containing those particles, and a system for using the carbon particles for cleaning oil spills.

Growing community of inventors

Melbourne, FL, United States of America

Nazim Z Muradov