Canon Kabushiki Kaisha

Naoko Kasai

Masaaki Takahashi

Takaaki Tsuruya

Toshio Tanaka

Koji Sato

Yohei Miyauchi

Hiroki Muramatsu

Yasuharu Notoya

Akira Okano

Masatsugu Toyonori

Makoto Souma

Yusuke Baba

Ryo Ishifuji

Matsutaka Maeda

Tomoyo Miyakai

Yasutomo Tsuji

Yasuhiro Miyahara

Akeshi Asaka

Yuji Kitano

Atsushi Hori

Takuji Oishi

Toshiyuki Yoshida

Noriaki Kobayashi

Megumi Uchino

Masahiro Takenaga

Yutaro Yoshida

Midai Suzuki

Yoshiharu Seki

An electrophotographic belt is provided, which includes a base layer and a surface layer in direct contact with the base layer, wherein the surface layer includes heteroaggregates of a first particle and a second particle, the first particle is at least one selected from the group consisting of a hollow silica particle and a solid silica particle, and has a number-average particle diameter of primary particles, which is greater than 30 nm and less than 100 nm, the second particle contains a conductive metal oxide, and has a number-average particle diameter of primary particles, which is 5 nm to 40 nm, the surface layer has protruded portions derived from the heteroaggregates on an outer surface opposite to the surface facing the base layer, an arithmetic mean height (Sa) of the outer surface is 0.1 μm to 0.7 μm, and the base layer includes specific cation and anion.

Electrophotographic belt, electrophotographic image forming apparatus, and method for manufacturing electrophotographic belt

A fixing member having a base layer and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer includes a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, and having at least one pore communicating with an opening on an outer surface thereof. A composition containing perfluoropolyether and a fluoropolymer is contained in at least a part of the at least one pore. The fluoropolymer has a particular repeating unit composed of perfluoropolyether, and at least one structure selected from the group consisting of a T unit of siloxane and a Q unit of siloxane.

Fixing member, method for producing the same, fixing apparatus, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus

A fixing rotating member comprising: a substrate comprising a resin; an electro-conductive layer on the substrate; and a resinous layer on a surface of the electro-conductive layer, the surface being opposed to a side of the electro-conductive layer facing the substrate, the electro-conductive layer extending in a circumferential direction of an outer peripheral surface of the substrate, the electro-conductive layer comprising silver, the electro-conductive layer having, in a thickness direction thereof, a through-hole, wherein at least a part of the through-hole is penetrated by a resin that constitutes at least a part of the resinous layer.

Fixing rotating member, fixing apparatus, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus

A fixing rotating member comprising: a base material and an electro-conductive layer on the base material; the electro-conductive layer extending in a circumferential direction of an outer peripheral surface of the base material, the electro-conductive layer comprising silver, an average crystal grain size of crystals of the silver observed in a cross section along a circumferential direction of the electro-conductive layer being 20 to 200 nm, and the electro-conductive layer having a volume resistivity of 1.0×10to 8.0×10Ω·m.

Fixing rotating member, fixing device, electrophotographic image forming apparatus, and method for manufacturing fixing rotating member

A fixing rotating member that includes: a cylindrical base member comprising at least a resin; an electro-conductive layer on the base member; and a resinous layer on a surface of the electro-conductive layer, the surface being opposed to a surface facing the base member, the electro-conductive layer extending in a circumferential direction of an outer circumferential surface of the base member, the electro-conductive layer containing silver, the electro-conductive layer having a volume resistivity of 1.0×10to 8.0×10Ω·m, and the electroconductive layer having a compressive elastic modulus of 8 to 30 GPa, the elastic modulus being measured by contacting an indenter with a first surface of the electroconductive layer opposite to a surface facing the base member, and the elastic modulus being an average value of elastic moduli of a thickness region of 0.1 to 0.2 μm from the first surface of the electroconductive layer.

Fixing rotating member, fixing device with fixing rotating member electrophotographic image forming device with fixing rotating member, and method of producing fixing rotating member

An electrophotographic member having a base layer and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer comprises a binder resin; and a plurality of particles comprising a conductive tin oxide, in the binder resin, a content ratio of the particles comprising a conductive tin oxide, in the surface layer, is 2.0 to 10.0 vol %, and a value of an L function denoting a relationship of a distribution of the particles comprising a conductive tin oxide, as observed from a surface of the surface layer, is always positive in a range of 300 nm to 1 μm of a distance from barycentric coordinates of the particles.

Electrophotographic member and electrophotographic image forming apparatus

Provided is a fixing rotating member capable of maintaining high toner releasability over longer periods of time than in conventional instances and that is capable of maintaining abrasion resistance against paper; the fixing rotating member comprises a base layer, an elastic layer, and a surface layer, in this order; the surface layer containing a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer and a perfluoropolyether; the tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer having pores formed therein; the surface layer has pores with openings at a first surface thereof, and constituting an outer surface of the fixing rotating member; at least part of the pores containing the perfluoropolyether; a content of the perfluoropolyether in the surface layer is 20 mass % to 60 mass %; and a degree of orientation A of molecules of the tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether in a direction perpendicular to a circumferential direction of the surface layer is 35 to 75%.

Fixing rotating member, fixing apparatus and electrophotographic image forming apparatus, and method for producing fixing rotating member

A fixing rotating member comprising a base layer, an elastic layer and a surface layer, in this order, the surface layer containing PFA and PFPE, and having pores with openings at a first surface; at least part of the pores containing the PFPE, wherein when after removing the PFPE in the pores, placing a first observation region on the first surface, defining a ratio of a sum of areas of the openings in the first observation region relative to an area of the first observation region as P; and placing a second observation region in a cross section of the surface layer, and defining a ratio of a sum of areas of the pores in the second observation region relative to an area of the second observation region as P, P/Pis 1.3 or higher.

Fixing rotating member, fixing apparatus, electrophotographic image forming apparatus, and method for producing fixing rotating member

A fixing member having an endless belt shape or a roller shape includes a base layer and a surface layer. The surface layer contains a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, and has a pore communicating with an opening of an outer surface thereof. Perfluoropolyether is contained in at least a part of the pores. A ratio (E″(1)/E″(2)) is 0.60 to 1.00, where E″(1) is an average value of loss elastic moduli E″ of the surface layer in a direction orthogonal to a circumferential direction of the fixing member measured at a frequency of 10 Hz at 100 to 150° C., and E″(2) is an average value of loss elastic moduli E″ of the surface layer in a direction orthogonal to the circumferential direction of the fixing member measured at a frequency of 10 Hz at 100 to 150° C. after removal of the perfluoropolyether contained in the pore.

Provided is a pressurizing member including a substrate, an elastic layer on the substrate, and a surface layer on the elastic layer, the surface layer containing a fluorine resin, wherein the surface layer has a surface resistivity of 1&#xd7;10[&#x3a9;/&#x25a1;] or less at a temperature of 25&#xb0; C. when applying a DC voltage of 500 V, and a thermal conductivity &#x3bb; in a thickness direction of the surface layer is 0.093 [W/(m&#xb7;K)] or less.

Pressurizing member, fixing device, and electrophotographic image-forming apparatus

A pressing rotating member comprising a base layer, an elastic layer and a surface layer, in this order, the surface layer having pores, wherein when placing an observation region of 8 &#x3bc;m long&#xd7;11 &#x3bc;m wide at a cross section of the surface layer in a thickness direction of the surface layer&#x2014;a direction perpendicular to a circumferential direction of the pressing rotating member, a degree of orientation f of the pores observed in the observation region is 0.20 or higher, and an orientation angle &#x3a6; of the pores observed in the observation region is 0&#xb0; to 10&#xb0;.

Pressing rotating member and production method thereof, fixing apparatus, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus

The crystallinity of a thermoplastic resin is 8% or more and 25% or less, the average primary particle size of carbon black is 10 nm or more and 30 nm or less, the content of the carbon black is 15.0 parts by mass or more and 30.0 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of an intermediate transfer belt, and (Li+Lo+Lc)/3&#x2264;100 nm, where Li, Lo, and Lc are values of an L-function indicating a dispersibility of the carbon black with respect to the thermoplastic resin in an inner peripheral surface region of the intermediate transfer belt, in an outer peripheral surface region, and in a central region that is a central portion of the intermediate transfer belt in a thickness direction of the intermediate transfer belt, respectively.

Intermediate transfer member and image forming apparatus

An electrophotographic member comprises a base member and an elastic layer on the base member. The elastic layer contains a silicone rubber, an ionic electroconductive agent, and an inorganic particle, and the inorganic particle contains a hydroxide of at least one of magnesium or aluminum, and has a silicon atom on a surface thereof in an amount of 0.50 to 2.00 atomic %. An aqueous dispersion of which 5 mg of the inorganic particle is dispersed in 10 ml of water has a turbidity of 200 NTU or more and 1,240 NTU or less.

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Kanagawa, Japan

Naoko Kasai