Ngk Insulators, Inc.

Naoki Ogawa

Takaaki Koizumi

Izumi Masuda

A laminated body has a substrate and a metallic layer. The substrate is composed of an inorganic material. The metallic layer is disposed on the substrate. One of the substrate and the metallic layer has a main body portion and a plurality of protruding portions. The protruding portions are formed on the main body portion. The protruding portions are embedded in the other of the substrate and the metallic layer. An outer diameter of each of the protruding portions is configured to decrease towards the main body portion.

Laminated body and piezoelectric/electrostrictive element

A laminate includes a ceramic substrate, a piezoelectric element, and an intermediate layer. The piezoelectric element includes a lower electrode. The intermediate layer is formed between the substrate and the lower electrode of the piezoelectric element. The intermediate layer contains a metal or an oxide thereof as a main component. The metal is different from a metal contained in the lower electrode. The intermediate layer further contains holes.

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Tokai, Japan

Naoki Ogawa