California Institute of Technology

Muhammad Musab Jilani

Axel Scherer

Samson Chen

Xiomara Linnette Madero

Dvin Adalian

Peter Albert Petillo

Deepan Kishore Kumar

Muhammad Mujeeb-U-Rahman

Meisam Honavar Nazari

Richard Smith

A sensor implanted in tissues and including a sensing layer is fabricated by mixing the signal transduction enzyme with non-reactive components including buffer salts and fillers, and spin coating the enzyme onto a substrate. The signal transduction enzyme is crosslinked by introducing the coated substrate in a vacuum chamber. In the chamber, a crosslinker evaporates and is deposited onto the enzyme, therefore crosslinking the enzyme.

Method of producing thin enzyme-based sensing layers on planar sensors

A sensor implanted in tissues and including a sensing enzyme takes an electrical measurement and compares it to reference curves for the voltage current relationship. The sensor determines whether molecular compounds are present which interfere with the detection of the molecule of interest. If interfering species are found, the measurement voltage is set in a low range to reduce errors, while if the interfering species are not found, the measurement voltage is set in a high range to increase the detected signal.

Switchable low voltage electrochemical sensing for interfering species rejection

Measurement of target analytes is carried out with an enzyme-based sensor. The enzyme hydrogel is protected by a porous layer of a metallic material. The size of the pores is small enough to prevent degradation of the enzyme layer caused by the immune system of an organism, but large enough to allow transfer of molecules that participate in the electrochemical reaction allowing the enzyme to detect the target analytes.

Metal-enzyme sandwich layers

A cycle of positive and negative voltage pulses applied to an electrode sensor removes passivation of an electrode surface. The conditioned sensors have improved sensitivity to concentrations for analytes of interest. The electrode surfaces can also be passivated on purpose to reduce sensitivity. The voltages applied are varied according to the solution present.

In situ chemical sensing electrode reconditioning

A sensing device allows detection of biological quantities in ways that are minimally invasive. Micrometer or nanometer sized needles allow sensing of bodily fluids in a minimally invasive method. The device comprises electronics and power harvesting. Antennas or coils allow communication and power harvesting from an external device, which can be attached to smartphones to allow operation of a camera and camera light for biosensing.

Growing community of inventors

Pasadena, CA, United States of America

Muhammad Musab Jilani