Eastman-kodak Company

Other

United States of America, As Represented by the Secretary of the Navy

Eastman Kodac Company

Mridula Nair

Tamara K Jones

Mary Christine Brick

Joseph Salvatore Sedita

Lloyd A Lobo

Robert P Bourdelais

George L Oltean

Tamara K Osburn

Zona R Pierce

Xiqiang K Yang

Kevin D Lofftus

William T Rochford

Narasimharao Dontula

Tiecheng A Qiao

Dennis J Massa

Diane Marie Herrick

Cumar Sreekumar

Louis J Sorriero

Kevin M Donovan

Brian A Schell

David Daniel Putnam

Rukmini B Lobo

Bradley M Houghtaling

David Charles Boris

Peter David Rollinson

Yongcai Wang

Dinesh Tyagi

Debasis Majumdar

Charles Leo Bauer

Thomas N Blanton

David F Jennings

Terry A Heath

James R Bennett

Barry A Fitzgerald

Michael R Brickey

Ellen M Pyszczek

Robert E Dickerson

Ravi Sharma

Constantine N Anagnostopoulos

Christine Joanne Landry-Coltrain

Jehuda Greener

Mark R Mis

John Leonard Muehlbauer

Aparna V Bhave

Kevin M O'Connor

Joseph W Hoff

Shari L Eiff

Peter G Bessey

Donna A DiPrima

Kenneth W Best, Jr

Jason Morgan

Jeffrey A Trest

Daniel M Leusch

Brian J Kelley

Gustav R Apai, Ii

Teresa Joy Hosmer

Peter T Aylward

Charles Chester Anderson

Thomas Henry Whitesides

Hwei-Ling Yau

Joseph F Bringley

Douglas Robert Robello

Yeh-Hung Lai

Thomas M Laney

David J Steklenski

Michael T Regan

James Douglas Shifley

Margaret Jones Helber

David Darrell Miller

David M Teegarden

Myra T Olm

Rajesh Vinodrai Mehta

Zhanjun Gao

Bruce C Campbell

YuanQiao Rao

James F Elman

Louis J Rossi

Daniel L Kapp

Thomas M Smith

Robert J Kress

Gary Norman Barber

Zhihao Yang

Karissa L Eckert

John B Rieger

Scott C Moose

Lisa Baxter Todd

Sylvia A Gardner

Lawrence B Wallace

Douglas Edward Garman

Kenneth L Tingler

Jeffrey F Taylor

Thomas J Katz

Frank A Pettrone

Anita M Fees

Kimberly S Lindner

Julia S Tan

Jeffrey R Gillmor

Faye Transvalidou

Charles H Appell

Ellen J Pyszczek

A method to facilitate the reduction of solar radiation impacting Earth proposes the use of a plurality of porous particles that are introduced into Earth's stratosphere at an average distance of at least 10 kilometers above sea level. Each porous particle has a continuous polymeric phase composed of an organic polymer, and discrete pores dispersed within the continuous polymeric phase. Each porous particle has a mode particle size of 2-20 μm; a coefficient of variance (CV) of no more than 20% compared to the mode particle size; and a porosity of 20%-75%. The discrete pores have an average pore size 'd' (nm) that is defined by 0.3≤d/λ≤0.8 wherein λ is 400-3,000 nm. Each of the discrete pores of the porous particles is filled with air and optionally a pore stabilizing hydrocolloid that is disposed at the interface of the discrete pore and the continuous polymeric phase.

Method of geoengineering to reduce solar radiation

A method for preparing core/shell particles includes forming a suspension of ethylenically unsaturated monomer droplets containing one or more monomers and a porogen in an aqueous medium containing a first stabilizer and a polymerization initiator, wherein at least one of the monomers is a cross-linking monomer, and wherein the first stabilizer is an inorganic colloid. The method further includes polymerizing the one or more monomers to form core/shell particles having a core of a porous polymer and a polymeric shell having a shell thickness of at least 5 nm, wherein any pores in the polymeric shell have a diameter of less than 2 nm.

Method for fabricating impermeable porous particles

An article includes a substrate with a surface, and a coating disposed over the surface. The coating includes a binder material and a plurality of UV scattering porous polymer particles having pores with a light scattering effective pore size of no more than 100 nm. The coating has a scattering opacity of no more than 20% in the wavelength band from 500 to 3000 nm.

Coating providing ultraviolet scattering

An aqueous non-foamed functional composition formulation is disposed on a foamed opacifying layer in light-blocking, foamed opacifying elements. This non-foamed functional composition formulation has 0.5-15% solids and essential (i) and (iv) components and optional (ii), (v), (vi), and (vii) components. The components (i) untreated synthetic silica (fumed silica or precipitated silica) at 0.5-10 weight %; and a (iv) water-soluble or water-dispersible organic polymeric binder having a glass transition temperature (T) below 25° C. The weight ratio of the (i) untreated synthetic silica to the (iv) water-soluble or water-dispersible organic polymeric binder is 10:1 to 1:1. The optional components include: a (ii) solid or non-solid lubricant; a (v) crosslinking agent; a (vi) thickener; and a (vii) coating aid. Glass particles can also be present. The presence of the (i) untreated synthetic silica provides improved brightness, e.g. an L* value of at least 80, and uniform coatings in the resulting, foamed opacifying element.

Aqueous functional composition for articles

A prepared for print (PFP) light-blocking element has a scoured fabric with face side and back side, and a dried and non-foamed color-masking composition on the back side at a coverage of 5-75 g/m. This dried and non-foamed color-masking composition contains a tinting component and a film-forming polymeric binder having a Tof less than 25° C. The light-blocking element further has a cured, crushed, and dried foamed opacifying layer disposed on the dried and non-foamed color-masking composition. The dried and non-foamed color-masking composition effectively reduces visual perception on the uncoated face side as measured by a ΔE value as determined from ΔL*, Δa*, and Δb* CEILAB color values, to be <2, compared to visual perception on the uncoated face side of the same treated fabric when the cured, crushed, and dried foamed opacifying layer is absent.

Light-blocking elements with color-masking compositions

A foamed, opacifying element has a substrate with opposing planar surfaces and a foamed opacifying layer disposed on one opposing surface. The foamed opacifying layer contains (a) 0.1-80 weight % of nonporous polymeric particles; (b′) 10-80 weight % of a matrix material derived from a (b) binder material having a glass transition temperature of less than 40° C.; (c) 0.0001-50 weight % of certain additives; (d) less than 5 weight % of water; and (e) at least 0.002 weight % of an opacifying colorant different from all of the (c) additives. Foamable and foamed aqueous compositions can be used to provide these foamed, opacifying elements for use as light-blocking window shades, curtains, or other materials. These light-blocking articles can also have a printable outer surface that accepts ink for making printed images that are not observable from the opposite surface.

Light-blocking articles from foamed composition containing solid polymeric particles

A foamed, opacifying element useful as a light-blocking article is prepared with a dry opacifying layer on a substrate. The dry opacifying layer is densified, followed by application of a functional composition formulation to form a functional composition upon drying and curing at a coverage of 0.5-15 g/m. The functional composition comprises at least: (i) glass particles such as hollow glass particles at a coverage of 0.1-2.2 g/cm, and can also include any or combination of a (iv) water-soluble or water-dispersible organic polymeric binder that may be crosslinked, thickeners, coating aids having an HLB of at least 5, (ii) lubricants, (iii) tinting materials, and (v) crosslinking agents. Among other properties, the presence of the glass particles provides additional heat absorption for the foamed, opacifying elements that can be formed into light-blocking materials.

Method for making light-blocking articles

Laminated light-blocking decorative articles are prepared by applying an aqueous foamed opacifying composition to a non-woven fabric, drying, laminating a decorative fabric to the resulting dry foamed opacifying layer, and densifying that layer to have a thickness that is at least 20% less than before densifying. This operation can be carried out so that non-woven fabric, decorative fabric, and aqueous foamed opacifying composition are supplied in a single-pass, in-line operation to make any desired quantity of a laminated light-blocking decorative article. The applied aqueous foamed opacifying composition has 35%-70% solids and a foam density of 0.1-0.5 g/cm. It is composed of (a) porous particles, (b) a binder material, (c) two or more additives comprising at least one foaming surfactant and at least one foam stabilizer, (d) an aqueous medium, and (e) at least 0.0001 weight % of an opacifying colorant that absorbs electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of 380-800 nm.

Laminated light-blocking decorative articles

Laminate precursors are prepared by applying an aqueous foamed opacifying composition to a non-woven fabric, drying, optionally applying an anti-blocking material to the dried aqueous foamed opacifying composition, and densifying the dry foamed opacifying layer so that it will have a thickness that is at least 20% less than its thickness before densifying. Each laminate precursor is rolled up for immediate or later use to make laminate decorative articles when the unrolled laminate precursor is laminated with back side of a decorative fabric. The applied aqueous foamed opacifying composition has 35%-70% solids and a foam density of 0.1-0.5 g/cm. It is composed of (a) porous particles, (b) a binder material, (c) two or more additives comprising at least one foaming surfactant and at least one foam stabilizer, (d) an aqueous medium, and (e) an opacifying colorant that absorbs electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of 380-800 nm.

Method for preparing laminated precursor rolls

Method for making laminated light-blocking decorative article

An aqueous functional composition formulation is used to provide a functional composition in foamed, opacifying elements useful as a light-blocking articles. The aqueous functional composition formulation comprises: (i) glass particles such as hollow glass particles at a coverage of 0.1-2.2 g/cmand a (iv) water-soluble or water-dispersible organic polymeric binder that may be crosslinked. Thickeners, coating aids having an HLB of at least 5, (ii) lubricants, (iii) tinting materials, and (v) crosslinking agents can also be present in the aqueous functional composition formulation. Among other properties, the presence of the glass particles provides heat absorption capacity for the foamed, opacifying elements.

An aqueous functional composition formulation is used to provide a top layer or pattern in light-blocking opacifying elements. This functional composition formulation has 0.5-15% solids and the essential (i) and (iv) components and any optional (ii), (v), (vi), and (vii) components. The essential components are (i) fumed silica particles at 0.5-10 weight %; and a (iv) water-soluble or water-dispersible organic polymeric binder having a glass transition temperature (T) below 25&#xb0; C. The weight ratio of the (i) fumed silica particles to the (iv) water-soluble or water-dispersible organic polymeric binder is 10:1 to 1:5. The optional components include: a (ii) solid or non-solid lubricant; a (v) crosslinking agent; a (vi) thickener; and a (vii) coating aid. Glass particles can also be present. The presence of the (i) fumed silica provides improved brightness, e.g. an L* value of at least 80, and uniform coatings in the opacifying element.

An opacifying article can be made using a (i) fabric having a face side and a back side and an (ii) opacifying element having a substrate that has first and second opposing surfaces; and a dry opacifying layer that has an inner surface and an outer surface. The dry opacifying layer is disposed with its inner surface in contact with the first opposing surface of the substrate. The dry opacifying layer has (a) 40-90 weight % of porous particles, each having a continuous polymeric phase and discrete pores dispersed within the continuous polymeric phase. The porous particles have a mode particle size of 2-50 &#x3bc;m and a porosity of 20-70 volume %. The dry opacifying layer also contains (b) 10-60 weight % of a binder material. The (ii) opacifying element is laminated to the back side of the fabric to provide the opacifying article.

Method of making opacifying articles

A method is designed to prepare foamed, opacifying elements each having a target light blocking value (LBV) of at least 3, using a textile fabric substrate with a light blocking value (LBV). The LBVdifference is calculated; a foamable aqueous composition is chosen; a dry coating weight for the foamable aqueous composition (when foamed) is determined to form a single dry opacifying layer that is foamed, dried, and densified to provide a dry thickness at least 20% less than the original dry thickness. The single dry opacifying layer a has light blocking value that is equal to LBV, &#xb1;15%. The desired foamable aqueous composition can be chosen from a set of similar compositions to achieve the desired LBVwith the noted textile fabric substrate using suitable mathematical formula relating dry coating weight to light blocking value and a suitable data processor.

Method and system for making light-blocking articles

Laminated light-blocking decorative articles are prepared by applying an aqueous foamed opacifying composition to a decorative fabric, drying, laminating a non-woven fabric to the resulting dry foamed opacifying layer, and densifying that layer to have a thickness that is at least 20% less than before densifying. This operation can be carried out so that non-woven fabric, decorative fabric, and aqueous foamed opacifying composition are supplied in a single-pass, in-line operation to make any quantity of laminated light-blocking decorative article. The applied aqueous foamed opacifying composition has 35%-70% solids and a foam density of 0.1-0.5 g/cm. It is composed of (a) porous particles, (b) a binder material, (c) two or more additives comprising at least one foaming surfactant and at least one foam stabilizer, (d) an aqueous medium, and (e) at least 0.0001 weight % of an opacifying colorant that absorbs electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of 380-800 nm.

Method for making light-blocking decorative articles

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Penfield, NY, United States of America

Mridula Nair