The United States of America As Represented by the Secretary of

The United States of America, As Represented by the Secretary of the Interior

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Dale A Martin

Allan E Petersen

Henry Dolezal

Charles F Davidson

Jerry L Huiatt

Donna D Harbuck

Walter Lyman Staker

Brent W Madsen

Gregory E Smith

Philip A Bloom

A process for producing substantially oxygen-free titanium carbide, nitride or carbonitride in powder form comprises treating a gas phase reaction mixture of titanium halide, desirably TiCl.sub.4, a reductant vapor, desirably sodium or magnesium, and a reactive gas capable of furnishing carbon, nitrogen or mixtures thereof at the reaction temperature, desirably nitrogen, methane or ammonia, to a temperature in the range from 500.degree. to 1250.degree. C., preferably 800.degree. to 1100.degree. C., whereby the titanium halide is substantially simultaneously reduced and carbided, nitrided or carbonitrided. The process may also be practiced using volatile metal halides of metals such as zironium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum and silicon for forming substantially oxygen-free carbides, nitrides or carbonitrides thereof in powder form.

Production of titanium nitride, carbide, and carbonitride powders

Titanium is extracted from perovskite ores or concentrates by reaction of e perovskite ores or concentrates with sulfuric acid to form a sulfated residue, dissolving the sulfated residue in water or dilute acid, removing the precipitated calcium sulfate, and recovering the titanium in an aqueous solution.

Recovery of titanium from perovskite by acid sulfation

A method of recovering titanium from perovskite by leaching with a strong sulfuric acid solution is disclosed. The leaching produces a sulfate solution containing titanium and a calcium sulfate residue when the time and temperature of leaching are controlled as a function of the grind size of the perovskite and concentration of the sulfuric acid. The titanium-containing solution and the calcium sulfate residue are then separated. The titanium in the leach solution is precipitated by heating, as a mixture of titanium sulfates, which are then redissolved in water or dilute acid solution. Titanium dioxide may then be prepared by hydrolysis of the titanium in the resulting aqueous solution.

Recovery of titanium from perovskite using sulfuric acid leaching

Arsenic is recovered from flue dusts by forming an aqueous slurry of the dust, treating the slurry with SO.sub.2 gas to solubilize arsenic, and precipitating the arsenic as As.sub.2 O.sub.3 by means of sulfuric acid.

Recovery of arsenic from flue dust

Chromium values are recovered from pulverized chromite ore by agitating and aerating an aqueous pulp of said pulverized chromite ore containing an amine collector at a pulp acidity less than 2.5; and recovering a chromite containing froth as a concentrate.

Amine flotation of chromite from acidic pulps

Chalcopyrite is decomposed by treatment with aqueous acid solution and a metallic reductant to form either metallic copper or copper sulfide, ferrous iron and hydrogen sulfide.

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South Jordan, UT, United States of America

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