Unimatec Co., Ltd

Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute

Suntory Holdings Limited

Mitsuru Maeda

Daisuke Murai

Seiichiro Murata

Keisuke Kokin

Harukazu Fukami

Satoru Saito

Katsuyuki Sato

Yuko Fukui

Masahiro Nakao

Sumio Asami

Takashi Enokida

Yoshiko Ono

Akihiko Ikeda

Hideki Hayashi

Jun Kanega

Nobuo Niimura

Namino Tomimori

Susumu Sugikawa

Takeshi Tsujino

Yasunori Yanai

Yuki Onishi

Shigeki Arai

Toshiyuki Chatake

Kazuo Kurihara

Toshiharu Shimizu

Atsushi Miyata

Disclosed is a rubber metal laminate comprising metal, an adhesive layer and a perfluoroelastomer layer, the perfluoroelastomer layer being formed from a vulcanizate layer of a blend comprising 2 to 10 parts by weight of a vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, based on 100 parts by weight of a perfluoroelastomer. The rubber metal laminate of the present invention can effectively improve the interlayer adhesion of the perfluoroelastomer to the metal and pockmarked surface (the state that crater-like irregularity is formed) of the perfluoroelastomer layer laminated on the metal.

Rubber metal laminate

A perfluorovinyloxy polyether carboxylic acid alkali metal salt represented by the general formula is provided:CF&#x2550;CF[OCFCF(CF)]O(CF)O[CF(CF)CFO]CF(CF)COOM&#x2003;&#x2003;[I],wherein M is alkali metal, preferably sodium or potassium, a is an integer of 1 to 6, preferably 2, and b+c is an integer of 0 to 6, preferably 0 or 1. This perfluorovinyloxy polyether carboxylic acid alkali metal salt is produced by subjecting a perfluorovinyloxy polyether carboxylic acid alkyl ester represented by the general formula:CF&#x2550;CF[OCFCF(CF)]O(CF)O[CF(CF)CFO]CF(CF)COOR&#x2003;&#x2003;[II],wherein R is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a is an integer of 1 to 6, and b+c is an integer of 0 to 6; to hydrolysis or solvolysis in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide.

Perfluorovinyloxy polyether carboxylic acid alkali metal salt and method for producing the same

Provided is a fluorine-containing elastomer blend comprising 5 to 60 wt. % of a high-molecular-weight, fluorine-containing elastomer having a number average molecular weight of 3,000,000 or more, 20 to 80 wt. % of a medium-molecular-weight, fluorine-containing elastomer having a number average molecular weight of 100,000 to 1,000,000, and 10 to 50 wt. % of a low-molecular-weight, fluorine-containing elastomer having a number average molecular weight of 7,000 to 13,000; the number average molecular weight Mn of each fluorine-containing elastomer being measured by liquid chromatography using tetrahydrofuran as a developing solvent at a polymer concentration of 0.5 wt. % at a measurement temperature of 35&#xb0; C. The fluorine-containing elastomer blend can achieve low hardness and low modulus while improving roll processability.

Fluorine-containing elastomer blend

Disclosed is a peroxide-crosslinkable fluoroelastomer obtained by copolymerization of 0.1 to 20 mol % of a mixture of fluoroolefin iodides represented by the general formulae: CFCFCH&#x2550;CF(CFCF)I [Ia] and CFCF&#x2550;CHCF(CFCF)I [Ib], wherein n is an integer of 0 to 5, and m is an integer of 1 to 3. The peroxide-crosslinkable fluoroelastomer is copolymerized with a monomer having a side chain containing a peroxide-crosslinkable halogen atom, and has excellent vulcanizate physical properties and improved compression set characteristics when subjected to peroxide crosslinking.

Peroxide-crosslinkable fluoroelastomer

Disclosed is a fluorine-containing elastomer having a copolymerization composition containing (A) 72.8 to 74.0 mol % of tetrafluoroethylene, (B) 26.8 to 24.0 mol % of perfluoro(lower alkyl vinyl ether) or perfluoro(lower alkoxy-lower alkyl vinyl ether), and (C) 0.2 to 3.0 mol % of a perfluoro unsaturated nitrile compound, and having a Mooney viscosity ML(121&#xb0; C.) of 70 to 115. The fluorine-containing elastomer is compounded with a bisamidoxime compound, which is used as a vulcanizing agent, in an amount of 0.2 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the fluorine-containing elastomer to form a fluorine-containing elastomer composition. The vulcanizate of the composition, even when used under plasma irradiation conditions or at temperatures as high as 300&#xb0; C., can prevent weight loss caused by plasma irradiation and exhibits excellent heat resistance at temperatures as high as 300&#xb0; C. or more.

Fluorine-containing elastomer

A mixture of polyfluoroalkadienes represented by the general formulae: CF(CF)CF&#x2550;CH(CF)CH&#x2550;CH[Ia] and CF(CF)CH&#x2550;CF(CF)CH&#x2550;CH[Ib], wherein n is an integer of 0 to 5, and m is an integer of 0 to 6, is obtained as a mixture fraction of products [Ia] and [Ib] by reacting a polyfluoroalkyl iodide represented by the general formula: CF(CF)CH(CF)(CHCH)I [II], with an organic basic compound. The polyfluoroalkadiene mixture is compounds having a perfluoroalkyl group in which the number of successive CFgroups is 5 or less, and is effectively used as a copolymerizable monomer in the production of resinous or elastomeric fluorine-containing copolymers, which are used as active ingredients of surface-treating agents, such as water- and oil-repellents and mold-release agents.

Polyfluoroalkadiene mixture and method for producing the same

Disclosed is a mixture of fluoroolefin iodides represented by the general formulae: CFCFCH&#x2550;CF(CFCF)I [Ia] and CFCF&#x2550;CHCF(CFCF)I [Ib] wherein n is an integer of 0 to 5, and m is an integer of 1 to 3. The fluoroolefin iodide mixture is produced by subjecting a fluoroalkyl iodide represented by the general formula: CFCFCHCF(CFCF)I [II] wherein n is an integer of 0 to 5, and m is an integer of 1 to 3, to an HF-elimination reaction in the presence of a basic compound.

Fluoroolefin iodide mixture and method for producing the same

A fluorine-containing elastomer composition, which comprises (A) a fluorine-containing elastomer consisting of a copolymer comprising (a) tetrafluoroethylene, (b) perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) or perfluoro-(alkoxyalkyl vinyl ether), and (c) a cyano group-containing perfluorovinyl ether, (B) a cross-linking agent, and (C) spherical silica, wherein the spherical silica is high purity amorphous silica particles obtained by calcining metallic silica powders, and cooling the resulting vaporous silicon oxide. The present fluorine-containing elastomer composition can provide seal materials having distinguished processability, product appearance, plasma resistance, etc. by the cyano group-containing perfluoroelastomer having a good heat resistance and only silica as contained therein.

Fluorine-containing elastomer composition

A fluorine-containing elastomer having a copolymer composition, which comprises (a) 50-85 mol. % of vinylidene fluoride, (b) 0-25 mol. % of tetrafluoroethylene, (c) 7-20 mol. % of perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether), (d) 2.5-15 mol. % of CF&#x2550;CFO[CFCF(CF)O]nCF(n: 2-6), (e) 0.1-2 mol. % of CF&#x2550;CFO[CFCF(CF)O]mCFCF(m: 2-6), and (f) 0.1-2 mol. % of RfX (Rf: an unsaturated fluorohydrocarbon group having 2-8 carbon atoms, which can contain at least one ether bond, X: bromine or iodine), can provide a fluorine-containing elastomer composition, which comprises 100 parts by weight of the fluorine-containing elastomer, 0.1-10 parts by weight of an organic peroxide, 0.1-10 parts by weight of a polyfunctional unsaturated compound, and at least 2 parts by weight of an acid acceptor. The composition can give vulcanizates having a distinguished elongation at break at high temperatures such as 100&#xb0; C., and distinguished compression set characteristics at low temperatures such as 0&#xb0; C.

Fluorine-containing elastomer and composition thereof

A method comprising the steps of continuously changing the concentrations in solution of a biomacromolecule to be crystallized and a precipitant, thereby constructing a crystal phase diagram containing a solubility curve, searching for optimum conditions of crystallization on the basis of the constructed crystal phase diagram, and performing efficient growth of the crystal of the biomacromolecule. Also disclosed is an apparatus for implementing the method.

Apparatus for crystal growth of biomacromolecules

A graphite can be easily and completely gasified by soaking the graphite in a catalyst solution of a nitrate of a gasification catalyst selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel and iron and nitric acid to impregnate the graphite with the gasification catalyst and then gasifying the thus catalyst-impregnated graphite at temperatures above 1000.degree. C. And further a graphite can be easily and completely gasified by soaking the graphite in a catalyst solution of cobalt nitrate, sodium nitrate and nitric acid to add the mixing catalyst of cobalt and sodium to the graphite uniformly and then gasifying the thus catalyst-added graphite at temperatures below 900.degree. C.

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Ibaraki, Japan

Mitsuru Maeda