Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.

Fujifilm Business Innovation Corp.

Minoru Rokutan

Shogo Hayashi

Fuyuki Kano

Satoya Sugiura

Takuro Hoshio

Masayuki Seko

Masato Ono

Masato Furukawa

Shogo Tomari

Makoto Ochiai

Hiroyuki Miura

Michiaki Yasuno

Yuki Tagawa

Yuma Tanaka

Hiroaki Tanaka

Koichi Matsumoto

Tomoko Suzuki

Shigeru Fukuda

Daisuke Tanemura

Kenta Shingu

Takuro Hagiwara

Futoshi Takei

Kenji Inoue

Yusuke Watanabe

Taketoshi Hoshizaki

Hidemi Nukada

Toshiyasu Yukawa

Yoshiki Shimodaira

Hiroshi Takayama

Makoto Takemoto

Akihiro Nonaka

Naoki Ohta

Haruyuki Namba

Yukihiro Ishii

Satoru Tsuto

Yuzo Ozaki

Nagahito Ichijo

Minoru Oshima

Noboru Wada

Ryuji Watanabe

Naoki Ohnishi

Takanori Suga

Yuko Kawase

Takahiko Hattori

Keiko Ono

Masato Takinami

Yukiko Oda

Ryusei Kouda

Mitsuo Fukuda

Jun Mihara

Takeo Fusayama

A conductive roller includes a support member, an elastic layer disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the support member, and a surface layer disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer. The elastic layer includes a cylindrical elastic foam and a conductive covering layer covering an exposed surface of the elastic foam, and the elastic layer has a hysteresis loss of 44% or less.

Conductive roller, transfer device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

A transfer device includes an intermediate transfer belt that has an outer peripheral surface to which a toner image is to be transferred, a primary transfer device that has a primary transfer member performing primary transfer of a toner image formed on a surface of an image holder to the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt, and a secondary transfer device that has a secondary transfer belt arranged in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt and performing secondary transfer of the toner image transferred to the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt to a surface of a recording medium, in which the intermediate transfer belt has an indentation modulus A of 5,000 MPa or more, and the secondary transfer belt has an indentation modulus B of 300 MPa or less and a tensile modulus C of 250 MPa or more.

Transfer device and image forming apparatus

In an endless belt, the absolute value of an electrostatic capacitance C and the absolute value of an alternating-current resistance Z when an alternating voltage of 1 Vp-p is applied in a frequency range of from 10000 Hz to 0.1 mHz from a high frequency side satisfy Formula (1) below, and an alternating-current resistance Zwhen an alternating voltage of 1 Vp-p with a frequency of 0.63 Hz is applied satisfies Formula (2) below. Moreover, an alternating-current resistance Zwhen an alternating voltage of 1 Vp-p with a frequency of 630 Hz is applied satisfies Formula (3) below:log≤3.18×log−30.27;  Formula (1):6.3≤log≤6.9; and  Formula (2):9.1≤log≤9.9.  Formula (3):

Endless belt, transfer device, and image forming apparatus

An endless belt includes a base material layer containing a polymer material and conductive particles, wherein, in an image obtained by observing a cross section taken along a thickness direction of the base material layer with an atomic force microscope, a proportion of a total area Ap of cross sections of all the conductive particles is 9.0% or more and 14.5% or less with respect to a total cross-sectional area At of the base material layer, and a proportion of a total area Ab of cross sections of conductive particles having an area of 0.01 &#x3bc;mor more among cross sections of the conductive particles is 28.0% or more and 65.0% or less with respect to the total area Ap of cross sections of all the conductive particles.

Endless belt, belt unit, and image forming apparatus

A conductive roller includes a support member, an elastic layer disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the support member, and a surface layer disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer. The elastic layer includes a cylindrical elastic foam and a conductive covering layer covering an exposed surface of the elastic foam and has a volume resistance value of 10&#x3a9; or less at an applied voltage of 10 V. The elastic foam has a conductive particle content of 1% by mass or less based on the total mass of the elastic foam.

An intermediate transfer body includes a base layer and a surface layer disposed on the base layer. The difference between the volume resistivity of the intermediate transfer body at an application voltage of 100 V, a temperature of 22&#xb0; C., and a relative humidity of 55% and the volume resistivity of the intermediate transfer body at an application voltage of 500 kV, a temperature of 22&#xb0; C., and a relative humidity of 55% is 2.0 log &#x3a9;&#xb7;cm or less. The difference between the volume resistivity of the intermediate transfer body at an application voltage of 500 kV, a temperature of 28&#xb0; C., and a relative humidity of 85% and the volume resistivity of the intermediate transfer body at an application voltage of 500 kV, a temperature of 10&#xb0; C., and a relative humidity of 30% is 1.0 log &#x3a9;&#xb7;cm or less.

Intermediate transfer body and image forming apparatus

A conductive roll includes a support member, an elastic layer disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the support member, a surface layer disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer, and an intermediate layer disposed between the elastic layer and the surface layer, the intermediate layer having a Poisson ratio of 0.40 or less.

Conductive roll, transfer device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus for image transfer

A conductive roller includes a support member, an elastic layer disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the support member, and an outer layer disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer. The elastic layer includes a cylindrical elastic foam and has a Young&#x25a1;s modulus of 150 kPa or less.

A conductive roll includes a support member, an elastic layer disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the support member, and a top layer disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer. In a case where a pushing amount of a metal roll into the conductive roll is 1.7%, the metal roll having an outer diameter identical to an outer diameter of the conductive roll, a shrinkage rate of a surface of the conductive roll with respect to the outer diameter of the conductive roll is equal to or more than 5%.

Conductive roll, transfer device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

Provided is a transfer device that includes an intermediate transfer body which is a first endless belt including a resin and conductive carbon particles and in which in a spatial distribution of the conductive carbon particles that are present in an evaluation region of 6.3 &#x3bc;m&#xd7;4.2 &#x3bc;m on an outer peripheral surface; a first transfer component that first-transfers a toner image formed on a surface of an image carrier to a surface of the intermediate transfer body; and a second transfer component which has a second endless belt disposed so as to face the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer body, which second-transfers the toner image transferred to the surface of the intermediate transfer body to a surface of a recording medium on the second endless belt.

An endless belt includes a first resin and first conductive carbon particles. In the spatial distribution of the first conductive carbon particles present in an evaluation region of the outer peripheral surface of the endless belt which has a size of 6.3 &#x3bc;m&#xd7;4.2 &#x3bc;m, the integral of the statistic L(r) represented by Formula (1) below from 0.05 &#x3bc;m to 0.30 &#x3bc;m with respect to an interparticle distance r is 0 or more and 0.1 or less,():=&#x221a;{square root over (()/&#x3c0;)}&#x2212;&#x2003;&#x2003;(1)  

Endless belt, method for producing the endless belt, transfer device, and image forming apparatus

A conductive roller includes a supporting member and a conductive elastic foam layer disposed on the supporting member. In a spectrum of amplitude (&#x3bc;m) vs. period (&#x3bc;m) obtained by subjecting a roughness waveform of the outer circumferential surface of the conductive elastic foam layer in an axial direction to fast Fourier transformation, the integrated value St of the amplitude within a period range of 100 &#x3bc;m or more and 300 &#x3bc;m or less is 455 &#x3bc;m or less.

Conductive roller, transfer device, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and method for producing conductive roller

A conductive member includes a conductive substrate; and a conductive elastic layer disposed on the conductive substrate and exhibiting ionic conduction. The conductive elastic layer contains an elastic material, which contains epichlorohydrin rubber, and an anti-aging agent, and the amount of free chlorine ions in the conductive elastic layer is 1 &#x3bc;g/g or more and 80 &#x3bc;g/g or less.

Conductive member, changing device, transfer device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

A conductive member includes a conductive substrate; and a conductive elastic layer disposed on the conductive substrate and exhibiting ionic conduction. The conductive elastic layer contains an elastic material, which contains epichlorohydrin rubber, and a layered inorganic compound, and the amount of free chlorine ions in the conductive elastic layer is 1 &#x3bc;g/g or more and 80 &#x3bc;g/g or less.

Conductive member, charging device, transfer device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

A cleaning member includes a core and an elastic layer that is helically wound around an outer peripheral surface of the core. The elastic layer is divided into three or more elastic layer sections in a width direction, and a width of the elastic layer sections at both ends in the width direction is greater than a width of the one or more elastic layer sections in a central region between the elastic layer sections at both ends in the width direction. Alternatively, the elastic layer is divided into three or more elastic layer sections in the width direction, and a minimum thickness of the elastic layer sections at both ends in the width direction is smaller than a minimum thickness of the one or more elastic layer sections in the central region between the elastic layer sections at both ends in the width direction.

Cleaning member, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

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Kanagawa, Japan

Minoru Rokutan