Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Comp. Ltd.

Cpc Corporation

Ming-Tsang Tsai

Ling-Sung Wang

Ru-Shang Hsiao

Chih-Mu Huang

Yao-Tsung Chen

Kuan-Yu Chen

You-Liang Tu

Ya-Shiuan Lin

Chiu-Ping Li

A method of preparing bio-polyols from epoxidized fatty acid esters, wherein the bio-polyols are synthesized via hydroxylation with epoxidized fatty acid esters and ring-opening reagent, using the acidic ionic liquids as catalysts. The bio-polyols are used to synthesize bio-polyurethane and bio-polyurethane foams. The acidic ionic liquids in this process is used in esterification, epoxidation, and ring-opening reaction to synthesize bio-polyols. The ionic liquids catalysts have several advantages such as easy to separate, reusable, and may reduce pollution.

Method of preparing bio-polyols from epoxidized fatty acid esters

A semiconductor device having an open profile gate electrode, and a method of manufacture, are provided. A funnel-shaped opening is formed in a dielectric layer and a gate electrode is formed in the funnel-shaped opening, thereby providing a gate electrode having an open profile. In some embodiments, first and second gate spacers are formed alongside a dummy gate electrode. The dummy gate electrode is removed and upper portions of the first and second gate spacers are removed. The first and second gate spacers may be formed of different materials having different etch rates.

Device having sloped gate profile and method of manufacture

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Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Ming-Tsang Tsai