Canon Kabushiki Kaisha

Mineto Yagyu

Masaaki Naoi

Yoshihiro Shigemura

Shingo Horita

Megumi Uchino

Noriyuki Kaifu

Hidemasa Mizutani

Toshihiro Saika

Seiji Hara

Koichi Sato

Hiroshi Kikuchi

Masahiro Terada

Yukio Hanyu

Akihiko Nagano

Yuichi Hashimoto

Takayuki Tsuboi

Koji Noguchi

Akira Unno

Yuri Mori

Kazuhiro Jindai

Masaya Kobayashi

Kouki Nukanobu

A power transmission apparatus includes a first pulley and a second pulley. A belt is extended around them. A supply unit supplies a voltage such that the first pulley and the belt are electrostatically attracted and that the second pulley and the belt are electrostatically attracted. The belt includes a conductor layer. At least one pulley includes a first electrode to which a first voltage is applied and a second electrode that is insulated from the first electrode and to which a second voltage is applied. An insulating layer or a dielectric layer is arranged between the conductor layer of the belt and the first electrode of the at least one pulley and an insulating layer or a dielectric layer is arranged between the conductor layer of the belt and the second electrode of the at least one pulley.

Power transmission apparatus and image forming apparatus comprising the same

A detecting device for detecting a surface potential of a photosensitive member includes a first electrode adapted to be positioned with a space relative to a surface of the photosensitive member; a second electrode adapted to be positioned relative to the surface of the photosensitive member at the distance from the first electrode away from the surface; a first detecting portion configured to detect induced charge in the first electrode; a second detecting portion configured to detect induced charge in the second electrode; a calculating portion configured to calculate a surface potential of the photosensitive member on the basis of an output of the first detecting portion and an output of the second detecting portion.

Detecting device and image forming apparatus

In an image forming apparatus, in the case where a time necessary for a developer bearing member to rotate from a measurement position where an attracting unit attracts the toner on the developer bearing member to a developing position at which an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive member is developed by a toner on the developer bearing member is represented by a time Tqcm, a time necessary for the photosensitive member to rotate from an exposure position at which an exposure unit exposes the photosensitive member to the developing position is represented by a time Tetd, and a time necessary for a control unit to control an exposing condition based on a charge amount measured by a measuring unit is represented by a time Tp, the attracting unit is disposed so that Tqcm&#x2267;Tedt+Tp holds true.

Image forming apparatus

A detection device configured to detect a charge amount of toner on a developer carrier includes an assembly with a quartz oscillator and having a first surface and a second surface that are provided in the quartz oscillator. The first surface has a recess and a projection formed in a direction in which the quartz oscillator vibrates. In addition, a capacitor is connected to the assembly, a first measurement unit measures a potential difference between two ends of the capacitor, and a second measurement unit measures a frequency of the quartz oscillator. In a case where an alternating-current power is applied to the assembly, the direction in which the quartz oscillator vibrates is parallel to the first surface.

Detection device, developing device and image forming apparatus

In a detection device, in a case where toner on a developing material carrier is caused to adhere to an electrode, a controller connects an assembly havin a quartz oscillator to a first capacitor using a first switch and connects the assembly to a second capacitor using a second switch; and in a case where a detection unit detects the oscillation frequency of the quartz oscillator, the controller disconnects the assembly from the first capacitor using the first switch and disconnects the assembly from the second capacitor using the second switch.

Detection device and image forming apparatus

Method of fabricating electron-emitting device, electron source and image-forming apparatus using the electron source

An active matrix-type liquid crystal device is constituted by a pair of substrates, a chiral smectic liquid crystal composition disposed between the pair of substrates so as to form a plurality of pixels, and a plurality of active elements provided to the pixels, respectively, for driving the liquid crystal device in a matrix driving scheme. The chiral smectic liquid crystal composition may preferably comprise at least two specific fluorine-containing mesomorphic compounds and assume two stable states between which a threshold voltage for switching from one of the two stable states to the other stable state is different from a threshold voltage for switching from the other stable state to said one of the two stable states and liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal composition change their alignment states so as to provide a halftone state depending on a voltage applied to the chiral smectic liquid crystal.

Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device, driving method thereof and liquid crystal apparatus

A liquid crystal device includes a pair of transparent substrates disposed with a prescribed gap therebetween and each having a transparent electrode thereon, a photoelectric conversion semiconductor layer not subjected to rubbing formed on one of the pair of transparent substrates, and alignment film subjected to rubbing formed on the other of the pair of transparent substrates, an a liquid crystal disposed between the photoelectric conversion semiconductor layer and the alignment film. As the photoelectric conversion semiconductor is freed from an aligning performance, the material thereof is freed from the constraint and can be selected so as to optimize the photoelectric conversion performance.

Liquid crystal device and process for production thereof

An electronic circuit apparatus comprises an array of M.times.N functional elements, M.times.N switching elements provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the M.times.N functional elements, a shift register having M output lines, and a selector having N select lines. M control lines are commonly connected in units of N elements of the M.times.N switching elements. The M control lines are connected to the M output lines of said shift register. N input and/or output lines are commonly connected in units of M elements of the M.times.N switching elements. The N input and/or output lines are connected to the N select lines of the selector. Transistors constituting the shift register are thin-film transistors. And, transistors constituting the selector are transistors each having an active region consisting of a single-crystal semiconductor.

Electronic circuit apparatus

An optical apparatus includes an optical modulation means having a pair of electrodes, and a photoconductor layer and an optical modulation substance layer disposed between the electrodes, a signal light source for supplying light data carrying gradation data to the photoconductor layer, and a readout light illuminator for supplying readout light for reading out picture data to the optical modulation substance layer. The readout light illuminator is driven so as to supply readout light having a planar light intensity distribution providing a constant product of a gradation period and a readout light intensity at each readout site of the optical modulation substance, or so as to scan the photoconductor layer with the light data frame by frame in mutually different scanning directions in succeeding frames.

Driving method for optical apparatus

A display device includes a spatial light modulator capable of writing therein an image and capable of reading therefrom the written image by converting the image, and an illumination device which transmissively illuminates the spatial light modulator through respective different paths for writing the image and for reading the image.

Display device

An optical modulation unit is constituted by a light source periodically turned on, and an optical modulation means including an optical modulation element and periodically turned on. The optical modulation unit is driven by changing a voltage applied to the optical modulation element depending on given graduation data so as to modulate an overlapping time between an ON period of the optical modulation means and a lighting period of the light source. The gradation data may be analog gradation data and may be carried by light illuminating the optical modulation element synchronized with a voltage applied to the optical modulation element.

Optical modulation or image display system

A spatial light modulator is formed of a pair of transparent substrates, and a photoconductor layer, an optical modulation layer and a color filter layer disposed in lamination between the substrates. The photoconductor layer is designed to have a spectral sensitivity characteristic including an average sensitivity to blue light, an average sensitivity to green light and an average sensitivity to red light, of which a maximum and a minimum provide a ratio. S.sub.MAX /S.sub.MIN therebetween of at most 10, and a spectral transmittance characteristic including an average transmittance in a wavelength range of 420-480 nm, an average transmittance in a wavelength range of 520-560 nm and an average transmittance in a wavelength range of 600-660 nm, of which a maximum and a minimum provide a ratio T.sub.MAX /T.sub.MIN of at most 10. As a result, it becomes possible to provide a compact picture-forming and display apparatus of a see-through type by disposing a white writing light source and a white reading light source on a same side of the spatial light modulator.

Spatial light modulator and picture-forming apparatus including same

There is provided an image reading apparatus comprising: an opaque layer formed on a transparent insulative substrate; an insulative layer arranged on the opaque layer; photoelectric converting elements arranged on the insulative layer; and a transparent insulative protective layer formed on the photoelectric converting elements. The transparent insulative protective layer is formed as a multilayer structure and has a transparent conductive layer or an opaque conductive layer having a window which is sandwiched by the transparent insulative protective layer. With this apparatus, the transparent conductive layer does not directly come into contact with the surface of an original, so that the conductive layer is not abraded by the rubbing by the paper. An inconvenience due to the generation of the electrostatic charges is fairly eliminated. The reliability is increased.

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Sagamihara, Japan

Mineto Yagyu